Question 1

You have been asked to give a report on the mental hygiene movement and its foremost crusader Dorothea Dix, who campaigned for more humane treatment of the insane. After mentioning all of her accomplishments, you note the unforeseen consequence of her efforts, namely,

Accepted Answer

Dorothea Dix's advocacy led to the establishment of many new mental institutions across the United States. However, this expansion resulted in a significant increase in the number of mental patients institutionalized, which in turn led to a shortage of adequate staff to provide proper care for all patients.

Question 2

According to Freudian theory, anxiety is a signal for the ego to marshal its mechanisms of defense, which function as

Accepted Answer

According to Freudian theory, anxiety is a signal for the ego to use unconscious protective processes, or defense mechanisms, in order to reduce the anxiety and protect the individual from psychological distress. Therefore, option B is the most accurate answer.

Question 3

In using hypnosis to treat patients with psychological disorders, Freud discovered

Accepted Answer

Freud discovered through the use of hypnosis that it was therapeutic for patients to recall and relive emotionally traumatic events, which could aid in their treatment of psychological disorders.

Question 4

A classmate in your psychology course is worried about the selfish and sometimes dangerous drives of the id. You respond by saying that

Accepted Answer

A is the best choice because it acknowledges the reality of the id's drives but explains that we have an ego to balance those drives and help us behave more appropriately in society. This is a central concept in Freudian psychology. B is incorrect because sometimes id fantasies do become reality, such as in the case of criminals who act out violent impulses. C is also incorrect because while some of Freud's theories have been challenged, his ideas about the id, ego, and superego are still widely accepted in psychology. D is partially correct, but it is not always easy to control id impulses, as they can be very powerful and often unconscious.

Question 5

The warring id and superego cause anxiety as a result of

Accepted Answer

The warring between the id and superego can cause anxiety through intrapsychic conflict, which refers to the conflict between the id's primitive, impulsive desires and the superego's moral and societal standards. This conflict creates anxiety because the ego is caught in the middle trying to balance these opposing forces.

Question 6

A "double blind" experiment to ascertain the effectiveness of animal magnetism therapy was conducted by

Accepted Answer

Benjamin Franklin was part of a commission that conducted a double-blind experiment to test the claims of animal magnetism therapy, which was promoted by Anton Mesmer.

Question 7

In Freudian theory "libido" and "thanatos" represent the two basic but opposing drives of .

Accepted Answer

According to Freudian theory, libido represents the drive for life and pleasure, while thanatos represents the drive for death and destruction. These two drives are seen as opposing forces that constantly influence human behavior, often leading to conflict and internal struggle.

Question 8

Anton Mesmer, an early 18th century physician, purported to cure patients by unblocking their flow of a bodily fluid he called "animal magnetism." In fact, any effectiveness of his methods was actually due to

Accepted Answer

Mesmer's theories of "animal magnetism" have been discredited by modern science, and there is no evidence to suggest that magnetic fields or mental telepathy were involved in his supposed cures. Rather, it is most likely that his methods were effective due to the power of suggestion - patients believed that he could cure them, and therefore experienced some degree of symptom relief.

Question 9

Realizing that patients were often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis, Charcot, Breuer, and Freud hypothesized the existence of , a concept considered one of the most important developments in the history of psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

The concept of the unconscious mind was developed by Charcot, Breuer, and Freud as a hypothesis to explain the phenomenon of patients being unaware of material recalled under hypnosis. This concept is considered one of the most important developments in the history of psychopathology. Options A, C, and D are not directly related to this concept.

Question 10

According to psychoanalytic theory, the develops early in life to ensure that we can adapt to the demands of the real world while still finding ways to meet our basic needs.

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the ego develops early in life to ensure that we can adapt to the demands of the real world while still finding ways to meet our basic needs. The ego is responsible for mediating between the demands of the id (our primitive and instinctual needs) and the demands of the superego (our internalized sense of morality and social norms).

Question 11

After the mid 1800s, moral therapy declined as a treatment for the mentally ill because

Accepted Answer

The increase in the mental hospital population due to immigrants overwhelmed the system, making it difficult to maintain the personalized care that moral therapy required.

Question 12

Freud's technique included the release of emotional material, which was known as .

Accepted Answer

Freud's technique of psychoanalysis involved the release of repressed emotions through catharsis. By talking through and reliving traumatic experiences, patients were able to release pent-up emotions and gain emotional relief. Insight (A) refers to gaining an understanding of one's unconscious motivations and behaviors. Free association (C) is a technique in which patients speak freely and spontaneously without censorship or inhibition. Wish fulfillment (D) refers to the expression of unconscious desires and impulses in dreams.

Question 13

When Johnny wanted a cookie before dinner, he thought about just going and taking one without permission. However, after thinking about it, he decided to get permission from his mom. Johnny was operating according to the principle.

Accepted Answer

Johnny was operating according to the reality principle, which involves understanding the consequences of actions and making decisions based on reality, rather than acting on immediate desires or impulses.

Question 14

You have just read a newspaper article about a savage rape and murder. You wonder how someone could commit such a horrible crime. Then you recall from your study of Freudian theory that according to Freud, anyone could be a killer or rapist if impulses were not well controlled.

Accepted Answer

According to Freudian theory, the id is the primitive and instinctual part of the mind that relates to basic drives such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire. If these impulses are not well controlled, they can lead to destructive and antisocial behavior, including rape and murder. Freud believed that everyone possesses these impulses to some degree, but that it is the job of the ego to control and modify them in accordance with the demands of the external world.

Question 15

As used in modern terminology to reflect coping styles, defense mechanisms

Accepted Answer

Defense mechanisms can be either adaptive or maladaptive depending on the situation and the extent to which they are used. Some defense mechanisms, such as humor or sublimation, can be beneficial in preventing psychological distress or promoting personal growth. However, other defense mechanisms, such as denial or projection, can be harmful and prevent individuals from facing and resolving their problems. Therefore, defense mechanisms should be assessed on a case-by-case basis rather than being universally labeled as either adaptive or maladaptive.

Question 16

Severe internal conflicts that produce a lot of anxiety or other emotions can trigger self-defeating defensive processes or symptoms such as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Severe internal conflicts that produce a lot...

Question 17

According to psychoanalytic theory, the id operates on the "pleasure principle," so it

Accepted Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, the id is the most primitive part of the psyche and operates on the "pleasure principle," meaning it is constantly seeking immediate gratification of its impulses and desires. This includes sexual, aggressive, selfish, and envious impulses.

Question 18

If you were asked to explain Freud's structure of the mind to a friend who was unfamiliar with psychology, you might use an organizational analogy in which the id would be the employee who comes to work late and takes very long lunch hours, the superego would be the building security guard, and the ego would be

Accepted Answer

The ego acts as a manager within the structure of the mind, balancing the competing demands of the id and the superego.

Question 19

Although Freud conceptualized the libido as the life energy within the id, many people think of it as the __________.

Accepted Answer

While Freud saw the libido as a general life energy, many people today understand it as primarily referring to sexual desire or the sex drive.

Question 20

In the classic case of Anna O. in 1895, the neurologist Breuer treated her "hysterical" symptoms by using _________.

Accepted Answer

The neurologist Breuer treated Anna O.'s "hysterical" symptoms by using hypnosis.

Quiz 1: Abnormal Behavior in Historical Context