Question 1

A(n)________ sample frame occurs when elements of the target population are excluded from potential participation in the research.

Accepted Answer

An under-registered sample frame excludes elements of the target population from potential participation, resulting in an incomplete or biased representation of the population. Over-registration, on the other hand, includes irrelevant or ineligible elements in the sample frame, while a perfect sample frame includes all elements of the target population.

Question 2

Imagine that you have a population of 60 individuals and that you want to take a systematic random sample of 12 members of the population.The skip interval would be ________.

Accepted Answer

The skip interval is calculated by dividing the population size by the sample size. Here, 60 divided by 12 equals 5.

Question 3

In stratified random sampling,once each strata is defined then independent random samples are drawn from each strata.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct definition of stratified random sampling - after dividing the population into strata, random samples are taken from each stratum.

Question 4

Three types of sampling discussed in the text are: simple random,systematic random,and ________ random.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Three types of sampling discussed in the...

Question 5

Which approach to sampling might use a coin toss or a table of random numbers to select members of the population for participation in the research study?

Accepted Answer

This approach is called simple random sampling, and it involves using a random process, such as a coin toss or a table of random numbers, to select members of the population for inclusion in the study. Simple random sampling ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected and is therefore a fair method of sampling.

Question 6

A confidence interval is an estimate,plus or minus,of the range in which we believe the true ________ estimate lies.

Accepted Answer

A confidence interval is used to estimate the range in which we believe the true population parameter lies. The sample is used to create the interval, but the interval is providing information about the population, not the sample. A census refers to gathering data from an entire population, so it is not directly related to the idea of a confidence interval. Random and target are not appropriate choices in this context.

Question 7

Focus groups are a form of nonprobability sampling.It is acceptable to generalize the results of focus groups to the broader population from which the participants were drawn.

Accepted Answer

As a form of nonprobability sampling, focus groups are not representative of the broader population and therefore cannot be generalized to that population. The results of focus groups are only applicable to the specific individuals who participated in the group.

Question 8

Imagine that you have three strata,the size of each is shown below.
Stratum 1: 100 individuals
Stratum 2: 200 individuals
Stratum 3: 700 individuals
You wish to draw a final sample of 100 individuals.Proportionate stratified sampling would result in how many individuals selected from Strata 3?

Accepted Answer

Proportionate stratified sampling involves selecting a proportionate number of individuals from each stratum based on its size relative to the total population. Therefore, we would select approximately 10% from Stratum 1 (10 individuals), 20% from Stratum 2 (20 individuals), and 70% from Stratum 3 (70 individuals). Thus, the answer is D, or 70 individuals selected from Stratum 3.

Question 9

A(n)________ sample frame occurs when there is an exact correspondence between the sample frame and target population.

Accepted Answer

A perfect sample frame is ideal because it means that every unit in the target population is represented in the sample frame, which ensures that the sample is representative of the population and reduces the possibility of sampling bias. Over-registered and under-registered sample frames arise when the sample frame does not perfectly match the target population, which can introduce bias and affect the accuracy of the results.

Question 10

When drawing a systematic random sample,it is always necessary to begin counting with respondent #1.

Accepted Answer

The starting point for counting in a systematic random sample can be any respondent, as long as the interval for selecting subsequent respondents is consistent (e.g. every 5th person after the starting point).

Question 11

A screener is used to eliminate unwanted individuals from potential participation in the research.The screener is likely being used because of over-registration in the sample frame.

Accepted Answer

A screener is often used to ensure that participants meet the specific criteria for the research study, which can help eliminate unwanted individuals who do not meet the specific requirements. This can be necessary if there is an over-registration of potential participants in the sample frame, as it allows researchers to narrow down the pool to those who are most relevant for the study.

Question 12

Only ________ samples allow you to determine the sample size required for a specified degree of confidence.

Accepted Answer

Probability samples allow for mathematical calculations to determine the necessary sample size for a given degree of confidence. Nonprobability samples do not have a known sampling frame and are therefore unable to accurately calculate sample size. Judgment, quota, and snowball sampling methods are also not based on probability and therefore do not provide the necessary information to determine sample size.

Question 13

A(n)________ sample frame contains all of the elements in the target population,plus additional elements.

Accepted Answer

An over-registered sample frame contains not only all of the elements in the target population, but also extra elements. This can be useful in case some of the elements in the target population are not eligible or not available for sampling.

Question 14

The first step in stratified random sampling is to identify one or more classification criteria,each of which defines one strata.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The first step in stratified random sampling is indeed to identify one or more criteria to define the strata.

Question 15

When you use a table of random numbers or flip a coin to select members of the sample,you are using a form of ________ sampling.

Accepted Answer

Using a table of random numbers or flipping a coin to select members of a sample is a form of random sampling, where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Snowball sampling involves selecting participants based on referrals from other participants, while judgment sampling involves selecting participants based on the researcher's personal judgment or opinion. Nonprobability sampling refers to any sampling method where members of the population do not have an equal chance of being selected, and quota sampling involves selecting participants in predetermined proportions based on certain characteristics.

Question 16

________ random sampling is the better choice whenever you have a situation where you think that a large variation in what you are studying is due to specific respondent characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sampling ensures that specific subgroups within a population are adequately represented in the sample. This is useful when different subgroups have significantly different characteristics that may impact the results. Therefore, stratified random sampling is the better choice whenever you have a situation where you think that a large variation in what you are studying is due to specific respondent characteristics. Simple random sampling and systematic random sampling do not take into consideration specific subgroups within the population and may not adequately represent all characteristics of the population.

Question 17

Imagine that you wish to obtain a simple random sample of four individuals from a population of twenty.Individuals 3,5 and 7 are selected.The chance of individual 6 being selected is ________ the chance of individual 20 being selected.

Accepted Answer

In a simple random sample, every individual has an equal chance of being selected. Therefore, the chance of individual 6 being selected is the same as the chance of individual 20 being selected, regardless of which other individuals have already been chosen.

Question 18

Which form of random sampling works best when the target population is not homogeneous with respect to what is being measured?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling is best when the target population is not homogeneous with respect to what is being measured because it ensures that all subgroups within the population are represented in the sample. This allows for a more accurate representation of the overall population and can help to reduce the potential for bias. Simple random sampling, systematic sampling, snowball sampling, and judgmental sampling do not guarantee representation of all subgroups within the population.

Question 19

Which type of sampling process allows you to confidently generalize the research findings to the population from which the sample was drawn?

Accepted Answer

Probability sampling is the type of sampling process that allows for confident generalization of research findings to the population from which the sample was drawn. In probability sampling, every member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample, which helps to minimize bias and increase the representativeness of the sample.

Question 20

Imagine that you have three strata,the size of each is shown below.
Strata 1: 200 individuals
Strata 2: 300 individuals
Strata 3: 500 individuals
You wish to draw a final sample of 100 individuals with at least 25 individuals selected from each strata.Which sampling method would be used?

Accepted Answer

Disproportionate stratified sampling allows for the researcher to intentionally oversample from smaller strata to ensure that enough individuals are selected from each strata. In this case, since the sample size is fixed at 100 and we want to ensure at least 25 individuals are selected from each strata, we would oversample from Strata 1 and Strata 2 and undersample from Strata 3.

Quiz 4: Sampling

A(n) ________ sample frame occurs when elements of the target population are excluded from potential participation in the research.