Question 1

Chronological age is the observable individual attributes such as physical appearance,mobility,strength,coordination,and mental capacity that are used to assign people to age categories.

Accepted Answer

Chronological age is the actual time a person has been alive, measured in years, not the observable attributes or characteristics.

Question 2

In hunting and gathering societies,lack of food surpluses and lack of housing that protect one from the environment are factors associated with higher death rates and a smaller proportion of the total population living beyond 30 or 40 years of age.

Accepted Answer

This is supported by research on various hunting and gathering societies around the world. Without food surpluses, these societies are more vulnerable to food shortages and famine, which can lead to higher death rates. Additionally, without permanent housing that provides protection from the elements and predators, individuals are more vulnerable to sickness, injury, and death. As a result, it is common for a smaller proportion of the population to live beyond 30 or 40 years of age in these societies.

Question 3

According to gerontologists,age is viewed differently from society to society,and its perception changes over time.Social gerontology is the study of the social (nonphysical)aspects of aging,including such topics as the societal consequences of an aging population and the personal experience of aging.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the field of social gerontology and its focus on studying the societal and personal dimensions of aging.

Question 4

People in middle adulthood experience primary aging,which occurs as a result of environmental factors and lifestyle choices.For example,smoking,drinking heavily,and engaging in little or no physical activity are factors that affect the aging process.

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to the natural and inevitable biological aging process that occurs regardless of environmental factors or lifestyle choices. The factors mentioned, such as smoking and lack of physical activity, are associated with secondary aging.

Question 5

Older Asian Americans are among the most disadvantaged of all racial/ethnic categories.They are more likely to live in high-poverty,rural areas than are other minority older populations.They were also the objects of historical oppression and federal policies that exacerbated patterns of economic impoverishment.

Accepted Answer

Older Asian Americans are generally less likely to live in high-poverty, rural areas compared to other minority groups, and they often have higher median incomes and educational attainment. Historical oppression and federal policies have affected them, but they are not the most disadvantaged group.

Question 6

Stereotypes regarding older persons reinforce ageism-prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age,particularly against older persons.Ageism against older persons is rooted in the assumption that people become unattractive,unintelligent,asexual,unemployable,and mentally incompetent as they grow older.

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes regarding older persons do reinforce ageism-prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly against older persons, and are rooted in the assumption that people become unattractive, unintelligent, asexual, unemployable, and mentally incompetent as they grow older.

Question 7

Nearly 1/3 of teens sends 3,000 texts per month.

Accepted Answer

According to a study by the Pew Research Center, approximately 31% of teens send at least 3,000 texts per month.

Question 8

We find that older people tend to have more wealth but less income than young people.Among older persons,a wider range of assets and income is seen than in other age categories.

Accepted Answer

This is supported by research and data on wealth and income distribution among different age groups. Older individuals tend to have accumulated more wealth over their lifetime, but may have less income in retirement as they rely on fixed income sources such as social security or other retirement benefits. Additionally, older adults may have a wider range of assets, such as property investments or retirement accounts, compared to younger individuals who may primarily have income from their jobs.

Question 9

According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross,there are five stages of death: denial,anger,bargaining,depression,and acceptance.

Accepted Answer

This is the model commonly known as the Kubler-Ross model or the Five Stages of Grief, which was originally introduced by psychiatrist Elisabeth Kubler-Ross in her book "On Death and Dying" in 1969.

Question 10

Alzheimer's disease affects an estimated 5.2 million people age 65 and over and 43 percent of those age 85 and older may have the disease.Fortunately,most older people do not suffer from Alzheimer's and are not incapacitated by their physical condition.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. Alzheimer's disease affects a significant number of elderly individuals, but it is not a universal condition and most older people do not have it.

Question 11

The psychological aspects of menopause are often as important as any physical effects.Social scientist Anne Fausto-Sterling concluded that many women respond negatively to menopause because of negative stereotypes associated with it.These stereotypes make the natural process of aging in women appear abnormal when compared with the aging process of men.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true.

Question 12

Age,gender,and poverty are intertwined.Although middle-aged and older women make up an increasing portion of the work force,they are paid substantially less than men their age,receive raises at a slower pace,and still work largely in gender-segregated jobs.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the intersection of age, gender, and poverty in the workforce. Middle-aged and older women face gender-based wage discrimination and are often clustered in low-paying, gender-segregated jobs, contributing to higher rates of poverty and economic vulnerability among this group.

Question 13

In both industrialized and postindustrialized societies,children are expected to attend school and learn the necessary skills for future employment rather than perform unskilled labor.Further,older people are typically expected to retire so that younger people can assume their economic,political,and social roles.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes the expectations for children to attend school and for older individuals to retire in industrialized and postindustrialized societies.

Question 14

Beyond indicating how old or young a person is,age is socially significant because it defines what is appropriate for or expected of people at various stages.

Accepted Answer

Age plays a significant role in shaping social norms and expectations for individuals at different stages of life. For example, children are expected to attend school and obey their parents, while adults are expected to hold jobs and take care of their families. Society also has different expectations for people in their 20s compared to those in their 60s, and individuals may face discrimination or bias based on their age.

Question 15

The primary reason for the lower income status of many older African Americans can be traced to a pattern of limited employment opportunities and periods of unemployment throughout their lives,combined with their concentration in secondary-sector jobs,which pay lower wages,are sporadic,and have few benefits.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately reflects the primary reason for the lower income status of many older African Americans.

Question 16

Twenty-five percent of all retired people in the United States draw Social Security benefits.Social Security and Supplemental Social Income (SSI)provide virtually all of the financial support to ninety percent of people over age 65.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect because a much higher percentage of retired people in the United States draw Social Security benefits, and while Social Security is a major source of income for many, it does not provide virtually all financial support for ninety percent of people over age 65.

Question 17

Many of the wealthiest people of the Forbes list of the richest people in the United States are over 65 years of age.On the other hand,almost 10 percent of all people over 65 live in poverty.

Accepted Answer

This statement is correct. The fact that many of the richest people on the Forbes list are over 65 does not necessarily mean that all people over 65 are wealthy. In fact, a considerable percentage of older adults live in poverty.

Question 18

Over the past thirty years,the U.S.population has been aging.This change was partly a result of Baby Boomers (people born between 1946 and 1964)moving into middle age and partly a result of more people living longer.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true.

Question 19

In industrial societies,information technologies are extremely important,and a large proportion of the working population is employed in the service sector of the economy.The largest employers are in the fields of education and health care,both of which may benefit older people.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In industrial societies,information technologies are extremely important,and...

Question 20

According to psychologist Erik Erikson,older people must resolve a tension of "stagnation versus generativity." They must accept that the life cycle is inevitable-that their lives are nearing an end,and that achieving inner harmony requires accepting both one's past accomplishments and past disappointments.

Accepted Answer

Erik Erikson's theory states that older people face the tension of "integrity versus despair," not "stagnation versus generativity," which is the challenge for middle adulthood.

Quiz 12: Aging and Inequality Based on Age

Chronological age is the observable individual attributes such as physical appearance,mobility,strength,coordination,and mental capacity that are used to assign people to age categories.

In hunting and gathering societies,lack of food surpluses and lack of housing that protect one from the environment are factors associated with higher death rates and a smaller proportion of the total population living beyond 30 or 40 years of age.

People in middle adulthood experience primary aging,which occurs as a result of environmental factors and lifestyle choices.For example,smoking,drinking heavily,and engaging in little or no physical activity are factors that affect the aging process.

Nearly 1/3 of teens sends 3,000 texts per month.

We find that older people tend to have more wealth but less income than young people.Among older persons,a wider range of assets and income is seen than in other age categories.

According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross,there are five stages of death: denial,anger,bargaining,depression,and acceptance.

Alzheimer's disease affects an estimated 5.2 million people age 65 and over and 43 percent of those age 85 and older may have the disease.Fortunately,most older people do not suffer from Alzheimer's and are not incapacitated by their physical condition.

Age,gender,and poverty are intertwined.Although middle-aged and older women make up an increasing portion of the work force,they are paid substantially less than men their age,receive raises at a slower pace,and still work largely in gender-segregated jobs.

Beyond indicating how old or young a person is,age is socially significant because it defines what is appropriate for or expected of people at various stages.

Twenty-five percent of all retired people in the United States draw Social Security benefits.Social Security and Supplemental Social Income (SSI)provide virtually all of the financial support to ninety percent of people over age 65.

Many of the wealthiest people of the Forbes list of the richest people in the United States are over 65 years of age.On the other hand,almost 10 percent of all people over 65 live in poverty.

Over the past thirty years,the U.S.population has been aging.This change was partly a result of Baby Boomers (people born between 1946 and 1964)moving into middle age and partly a result of more people living longer.

In industrial societies,information technologies are extremely important,and a large proportion of the working population is employed in the service sector of the economy.The largest employers are in the fields of education and health care,both of which may benefit older people.