Question 1

(c) Unconventional dose-response curve
Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question.
-Assuming that the scales for graphs (a)and (b)are identical,which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

E

Question 2

The worldwide drop in sperm counts among men has been attributed to _______________.

Accepted Answer

Endocrine disruptors, such as chemicals found in pesticides and plastics, have been shown to interfere with hormones involved in male reproductive health and possibly contribute to the decline in sperm counts. Teratogens, allergens, DDT, and radon have not been linked to this issue.

Question 3

A risk manager would do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A risk manager is responsible for establishing rules and guidelines to manage and mitigate risks, such as restricting the use of a new herbicide to ensure safety and compliance with regulations.

Question 4

_______________ are substances that cause birth defects.

Accepted Answer

Teratogens are substances that can cause birth defects, such as alcohol, tobacco, certain medications, and environmental chemicals. Allergens are substances that cause allergic reactions, vectors are organisms that transmit diseases, neurotoxins are substances that can damage the nervous system, and carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer.

Question 5

The _______________ regulates pesticides in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) is responsible for regulating pesticides in the United States under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is responsible for regulating the safety of food, drugs, and medical devices. The BLM (Bureau of Land Management) is responsible for managing public lands. The USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) is responsible for promoting agricultural trade, protecting natural resources, and ensuring food safety. The PRA is not a known government agency or acronym.

Question 6

Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring focuses primarily on the environmental problems associated with _______________.

Accepted Answer

Silent Spring focuses primarily on the effects of pesticide toxicity on the environment, particularly on birds and other wildlife. The book raised public awareness about the dangers of using pesticides and led to increased regulations on their use.

Question 7

Why are many contaminants found at higher concentrations in polar bears and people living in Greenland than they are in bears and people living in temperate and tropical areas?

Accepted Answer

Global atmospheric circulation carries airborne toxins toward the poles, where their deposition exceeds evaporation. As a result, these toxins accumulate in the food chain, ultimately reaching high concentrations in apex predators like polar bears and in indigenous people who rely on these animals as a primary food source. This phenomenon is known as biomagnification. None of the other choices are supported by scientific evidence.

Question 8

The book Our Stolen Future was important because it _______________.

Accepted Answer

Our Stolen Future was the first book to focus on the impacts of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, which are chemicals that can interfere with the hormonal and reproductive systems of humans and wildlife. Its publication raised public awareness about the potential health risks associated with exposure to these chemicals and helped to spur further research and regulation in this area.

Question 9

Bisphenol -A is _______________

Accepted Answer

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an estrogen mimic that has been used in the manufacturing of certain plastics and resins. It has been linked to a variety of health concerns, including hormonal disorders, developmental problems, and increased risk of cancer.

Question 10

Which of the following describes a scenario involving pesticide drift?

Accepted Answer

Pesticide drift is the movement of pesticides in the air, away from the intended target. In the scenario described in choice D, pesticides being used in a mountain valley are carried by air currents into the surrounding hills, killing amphibians living in the hills' streams, which is an example of pesticide drift. A, B, C, and E are examples of other pesticide-related issues, but they do not involve pesticide drift.

Question 11

The first goal of the Stockholm Convention is to _______________.

Accepted Answer

The Stockholm Convention's first goal is to end the use and release of 12 POPs (persistent organic pollutants) shown to be the most dangerous. These chemicals have been shown to have long-lasting effects on human health and the environment and are targeted for global elimination. None of the other options are related to the Stockholm Convention's goals.

Question 12

The Toxic Substances Control Act regulates _______________

Accepted Answer

The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) regulates industrial chemicals in the United States.

Question 13

Carcinogens may be difficult to identify because _______________.

Accepted Answer

Carcinogens may be difficult to identify because there is a long lag time between exposure to the agent and disease. This means that it can take years or even decades for cancer to develop after exposure to a carcinogen, making it difficult to determine the exact cause of the disease.

Question 14

The bald eagle and peregrine falcon are _______________

Accepted Answer

Both the bald eagle and peregrine falcon were affected by DDT, which caused thinning of their eggshells and impacted their reproductive success. Therefore, they were top consumers susceptible to eggshell damage caused by DDT.

Question 15

Of the chemicals that fall under the Toxic Substances Control Act, _______________ have been thoroughly tested for toxicity and _______________ damage. have been tested for endocrine,nervous,or immune system

Accepted Answer

Only about 10 chemicals have been thoroughly tested for toxicity and 2% for endocrine, nervous, or immune system damage under the Toxic Substances Control Act.

Question 16

_______________ are substances that cause cancer.

Accepted Answer

Carcinogens are substances that have been shown to cause cancer or increase its rate of development. Teratogens cause birth defects, neurotoxins damage nerves and nervous system, vectors transmit diseases and allergens cause allergic reactions.

Question 17

(c) Unconventional dose-response curve
Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question.
-The flat line at the left in (b)probably represents __________________.

Accepted Answer

The flat line at the left in (b) represents no visible effect because the body's physiological processes can cope with low doses of a toxicant. This is known as hormesis, where low doses of a toxicant can actually have a beneficial effect on the body's physiological processes.

Question 18

(c) Unconventional dose-response curve
Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question.
-The LD50 indicates the _______________.

Accepted Answer

The LD50 (lethal dose, 50%) is a standard measure of acute toxicity, indicating the dose required to kill 50% of a test population.

Question 19

All of the following statements are true of allergens EXCEPT _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of All of the following statements are true...

Question 20

_______________ is/are biodegradable and known to have (a)short persistence time(s).

Accepted Answer

Bt toxin is a naturally occurring protein produced by bacteria and is biodegradable. It also has a short persistence time in the environment. PBDEs, DDE, PCBs, and DDT are all persistent organic pollutants and can persist in the environment for a long time, causing harm to the ecosystem and human health.

Quiz 14: Environmental Health and Toxicology

(c) Unconventional dose-response curve Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question. -Assuming that the scales for graphs (a) and (b) are identical,which of the following statements is TRUE?