Question 1

The philosophy of justice that calls for an "eye for an eye" is called _______.

Accepted Answer

Retribution is the philosophy of justice that calls for an "eye for an eye", where punishment is seen as proportionate to the crime committed. Incapacitation is the philosophy of justice aimed at protecting society by removing the offender from the community, while rehabilitation focuses on addressing the root cause of criminal behavior and helping offenders to re-enter society. Deterrence is the philosophy of justice that seeks to prevent crime by creating fear of punishment among potential offenders.

Question 2

The expression, "Lock them up and throw away the key" best fits the ___________ philosophy.

Accepted Answer

The expression "Lock them up and throw away the key" suggests a focus on incapacitation, which aims to remove offenders from society and prevent them from committing further crimes. This philosophy is more focused on containment and public safety than on reforming or rehabilitating offenders.

Question 3

Preventing potential criminals from committing crimes by physical restraints such as imprisonment is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

Incapacitation refers to the physical restraint of potential criminals to prevent them from committing crimes. This is typically achieved through imprisonment or other forms of confinement such as house arrest or electronic monitoring. Rehabilitation, retribution, deterrence, and reformation are all different approaches to crime and punishment.

Question 4

If a parent sends their 15 year-old child to their room as punishment hoping that the child will no longer participate in that behavior the parents are practicing _____________.

Accepted Answer

Special deterrence refers to measures taken to prevent a specific individual from engaging in undesirable behavior again, which aligns with the parents' intention in this scenario.

Question 5

How many states currently have the death penalty?

Accepted Answer

Currently, 36 states in the US have the death penalty.

Question 6

A sanction that requires an offender to cover the cost of a victim's losses is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Restitution specifically refers to the act of requiring an offender to compensate a victim for their losses or damages, while fines, rehabilitation, and community service serve different purposes. Therefore, only option B is the correct choice.

Question 7

Reshane Lewis was arrested for _______________.

Accepted Answer

The only non-violent crime listed is choice D, which involves stealing from Wal-Mart while acting as a lookout.

Question 8

The changing of an offender through interventions such as education and vocational programs or psychotherapy is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

Rehabilitation refers to interventions aimed at changing an offender's behavior, cognition, or emotional state in order to reduce criminal tendencies and recidivism. Incapacitation involves removing an offender from society to prevent them from committing further crimes, retribution involves punishing an offender in a manner proportional to their crime, deterrence aims to prevent others from committing crimes through the threat of punishment, and just deserts involves punishing an offender in a manner that is proportionate to their crime but does not aim to rehabilitate them.

Question 9

According to your text, _______________, is a philosophy of justice that asserts that the punishment should fit the crime and the culpability of the offender.

Accepted Answer

Just deserts is a philosophy of justice that asserts that the punishment should fit the crime and the culpability of the offender.

Question 10

Research has shown that the most important factor affecting a judge's sentencing decision is ________.

Accepted Answer

The seriousness of the offense is found to be the most important factor affecting a judge's sentencing decision, not the person's race, age, income or sex. This is supported by various studies and research done in the field of criminal justice.

Question 11

Michael Murray abandones 35 kittens. Her pusnishment was _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Michael Murray abandones 35 kittens. Her pusnishment...

Question 12

The targeting of high-risk and recidivistic offenders for rigorous prosecution and incarceration is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Selective incapacitation focuses on identifying and incarcerating individuals who are considered high-risk or likely to commit further crimes, thereby aiming to reduce crime through targeted intervention.

Question 13

In a famous article entitled "What Works" the author concluded that _________.

Accepted Answer

The phrase "nothing works" is famously associated with Robert Martinson's article on the effectiveness of prison rehabilitation programs, where he concluded that the efforts to rehabilitate prisoners were largely ineffective.

Question 14

A sentence that allows the judge to impose a minimum and/or a maximum term, such as 3 to 15 years is called _________________.

Accepted Answer

An indeterminate sentence is one that specifies a range (e.g., 3 to 15 years), allowing for the possibility of parole or early release based on behavior, rehabilitation progress, or other factors. This contrasts with a determinate sentence, which specifies a fixed term.

Question 15

The report prepared for the judge that contains information about the offense, the offender and a recommendation for sentencing is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

The presentence investigation report (PSI) is prepared by a probation officer or a court-appointed investigator and contains information related to the offense, the offender's background, prior criminal record, and other relevant factors. This report helps the judge to make an informed decision about the appropriate sentence for the offender. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect as it does not specifically mention the investigation aspect of the report. Option C and D are not standard terms used in the criminal justice system for this type of report.

Question 16

A model of justice aimed at the offender's contribution to offset the harm done by the offender including reconciliation with the victims is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice is a model of justice that focuses on the offender's responsibility to make amends for the harm they have caused. This includes a focus on reconciling with the victims and repairing the damage done to the community. This model is different from traditional justice models that focus on punishment and retribution.

Question 17

The threat of punishment intended to induce the general public not to engage in criminal acts is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

General deterrence is the use of punishment as a threat to discourage individuals from committing crimes by making an example of those who have already been punished. It is intended to deter the general public from engaging in criminal acts. Special deterrence, on the other hand, is the use of punishment to discourage individuals who have already been punished from committing crimes again. Rehabilitation is the use of punishment to reform or rehabilitate offenders, while retribution is punishment used to get revenge or enforce moral principles.

Question 18

The presentence investigation report is written by the _____________.

Accepted Answer

The presentence investigation report is written by a probation officer who is responsible for investigating and gathering information about the offender's criminal history, personal life, and other relevant facts. This report assists the judge in determining an appropriate sentence for the offender.

Question 19

The threat of punishment that deters an offender from engaging in any additional criminal behavior is called _____________.

Accepted Answer

Special deterrence focuses on deterring the specific individual from committing further crimes by imposing a punishment on them.

Question 20

The theory of punishment that holds that potential offenders will refrain from committing crimes for fear of punishment is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

The theory of deterrence holds that potential offenders will refrain from committing crimes for fear of punishment. Incapacitation involves removing offenders from society to prevent future crimes, rehabilitation aims to reform offenders to prevent future crimes, and retribution involves punishment as a moral retribution for the wrongdoing committed.

Quiz 11: Sentencingpurposes and Goals