The rise of religious fundamentalism in Canada and United States was primarily the result of what was viewed as a failure of the modernist state in the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Religious fundamentalism emerged as a reaction to the perceived failure of modernist state policies and values, such as secularism and scientific rationality, which were seen as undermining traditional religious beliefs and practices. This led to a renewed emphasis on religious and moral absolutes, with some groups advocating for a return to a more conservative interpretation of scripture as a way of restoring social order and morality.

The Rise of Religious Fundamentalism in Canada and United States