Question 1

Sara is very popular and has several suitors. She doesn't really care much for any of them. Which one is most likely to be angry that Sara does not return her feelings?

Accepted Answer

Shannon, who is anxiously attached, is most likely to be angry that Sara does not return her feelings. People with anxious attachment styles tend to rely heavily on the approval and attention of their partners, and may become upset or even hostile if their feelings are not reciprocated.

Question 2

Nelly really likes Brian. They don't go out often, but when they do, they engage in fun activities, but rarely talk or develop any emotional closeness. This is most likely because __________.

Accepted Answer

Brian's lack of communication or emotional closeness suggests that he may have an avoidant attachment style, which is characterized by a tendency to avoid emotional closeness and a fear of intimacy. Nelly's attachment style is not explicitly stated in the given information, but it is not necessarily relevant to why they don't develop emotional closeness. Therefore, options B, C, and D can be eliminated.

Question 3

A good way to summarize cross-cultural research on love is to say that __________.

Accepted Answer

Cross-cultural research on love suggests that the emotional experience of love is similar across cultures, but different concepts of love reflect beliefs that are valued more in some cultures than in others. So, cultures may differ in the language they use to describe love, but there are similar concepts of love across cultures. However, the actual emotional experiences associated with these concepts may differ. Therefore, option C is the most suitable summary of cross-cultural research on love.

Question 4

According to a survey presented in the text, which attachment style do most people have?

Accepted Answer

The text states that "about 56 percent of Americans have a secure attachment style, which means they thrive on close, intimate relationships and are comfortable with intimacy and independence." Therefore, most people have a secure attachment style.

Question 5

Researchers who have assessed adult attachment styles have contacted research participants again, months or years later. What percentage of participants have changed from one style to another?

Accepted Answer

Research on adult attachment styles indicates that while there is some stability in attachment styles over time, changes do occur, with studies showing that about 25% to 30% of participants may change their attachment style over a period of months or years. This change can be attributed to significant life events, therapy, or changes in relationship status or quality.

Question 6

At a Korean wedding, the newlyweds were toasted by the bride's grandparents who have been married for fifty-two years. One of the guests whispers, "The bride and groom are in love, but over time, her grandparents have developed very strong __________."

Accepted Answer

"jung" is a Korean cultural concept that represents the strong bonds and relationships developed over time, particularly with family members. The statement suggests that the grandparents have developed a strong "jung" over their 52-year marriage. Option A, "amae," refers to a Japanese concept of dependence, which does not fit the context of the statement. Option C, "kimchi," is a Korean dish and not a cultural concept. Option D, "dharma," is a Buddhist concept and is not relevant to the context of the statement.

Question 7

Xhao has devoted hours helping and working with Ming so that he understands his calculus homework. Such behavior exemplifies the Chinese concept of romantic love known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Gan qing is a concept in Chinese culture that emphasizes emotional connection and affection, which is reflected in Xhao's actions of helping and working with Ming to understand his calculus homework. This demonstrates a deep care and commitment, aligning with the notion of gan qing in the context of a supportive and loving relationship.

Question 8

"I find that others are reluctant to get as close to me as I would like. I often have dreams that my husband doesn't love me like he used to, and that he leaves me unexpectedly. I guess I have this need to lose myself in the person I love, and this sometimes scares them away." A person who has a(n) __________ attachment most likely wrote those words.

Accepted Answer

The person's statements about feeling a need to get close to others but having them pull away, as well as their anxiety about their husband leaving them unexpectedly, suggest an anxious attachment style.

Question 9

Which of the following is out of place?

Accepted Answer

The other options are all attachment styles according to attachment theory, while "symmetrical" does not fit in this category.

Question 10

When researchers performed an fMRI on participants looking at pictures of someone they were in love with, they found that the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and caudate nucleus were activated, and that they were more strongly activated the more intensely participants indicated that they loved the person in the photo. These particular areas of the brain are associated with the __________.

Accepted Answer

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) and caudate nucleus are part of the brain's reward center and are associated with the release of dopamine. This indicates that seeing a loved one activates the reward center and releases dopamine, which may be why people feel good and happy when they see someone they love.

Question 11

A strong tie that binds people together, whether they be romantic couples or business rivals, that is only developed over time and through mutual experiences is described with the term __________ in Korean culture.

Accepted Answer

In Korean culture, the strong tie that binds people together over time and through mutual experiences is known as "jung." Yuan is a Chinese term, kim-bop is a type of Korean food, and jhana is a Buddhist term.

Question 12

Ellen is not concerned about the possibility of Alex abandoning her and believes that she is worthy and well liked. Alex, however, is anxious, and is concerned that Ellen will not reciprocate his desires for intimacy. According to this scenario, Ellen has a(n) __________ attachment style and Alex has a(n) __________ attachment style.

Accepted Answer

Ellen's belief in her worthiness and likability indicates a secure attachment style, while Alex's anxiety and concern about Ellen's reciprocation of intimacy desires suggests an anxious/ambivalent attachment style.

Question 13

Ainsworth and her colleagues (1978) identified three basic attachment styles, which they termed __________.

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth and her colleagues (1978) identified three basic attachment styles: secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent. Option A includes "insecure," which is not a specific attachment style. Option B includes only two of the three attachment styles identified by Ainsworth. Option C lists "anxious/avoidant" as a single style, which is actually two distinct styles. Only option D accurately lists all three attachment styles identified by Ainsworth.

Question 14

Carolyn believes that she is worthy and well liked. According to attachment theorists, what is the most likely reason for this? Carolyn __________.

Accepted Answer

Attachment theorists suggest that individuals who develop a secure attachment style with their primary caregiver (usually the mother) are more likely to have positive self-esteem and view themselves as worthy and likeable. Therefore, it is likely that Carolyn had a secure attachment with her mother, leading to her positive self-beliefs.

Question 15

Roger's attachment style is secure and Bob's attachment style is secure. Based on the research presented in your text, what could you infer about their relationship?

Accepted Answer

According to research on attachment styles, individuals with secure attachment styles tend to have more satisfying and committed relationships. Therefore, it can be inferred that Roger and Bob's relationship is likely secure and satisfying.

Question 16

Melanie doesn't find it easy to trust other people and says that she doesn't "need anybody." In all likelihood, Melanie's __________ attachment style can be traced to a caregiver who __________.

Accepted Answer

Melanie's avoidant attachment style, characterized by difficulty trusting others and a tendency to avoid emotional intimacy, can be traced to a caregiver who was aloof and distant. This type of caregiver may have been emotionally unavailable or withheld affection, causing the child to learn that closeness and emotional expression are not safe or rewarding.

Question 17

A chapel in Las Vegas frequently marries couples that have not known each other for very long. Based on the research on attachment theory, these individuals may be more likely to have a(n) __________ attachment style.

Accepted Answer

According to attachment theory, individuals who have not known each other for very long are less likely to have developed a strong attachment bond, which can lead to an anxious attachment style characterized by a fear of abandonment and a need for constant reassurance. This attachment style is more likely to be present in couples who quickly marry without developing a strong foundation for their relationship.

Question 18

Brian has had many girlfriends in his life, mostly because he feels unable to comfortably commit to any one person. As soon as a relationship begins to get serious, he feels trapped and puts up barriers to his partner. His girlfriends always want him to make a bigger commitment than he is comfortable making. Brian's attachment style is best described as __________.

Accepted Answer

Brian's behavior of putting up barriers and feeling trapped when a relationship becomes serious are common traits of an avoidant attachment style. This attachment style is characterized by the tendency to avoid emotional closeness and commitment in relationships.

Question 19

Because of the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine, people who express that they are madly in love are likely to report that they feel __________.

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is known to activate reward centers in the brain, leading to feelings of pleasure and euphoria. Therefore, those who express that they are madly in love are likely to report feeling euphoric and high.

Question 20

People from Asian cultures are more likely to be concerned that __________ than are North Americans.

Accepted Answer

Family networks are highly valued in many Asian cultures and individuals may prioritize the maintenance of these networks over their own romantic relationships. This is in contrast to North American cultures, where individualism and personal autonomy are highly valued. Options B, C, and D may also be of concern in some Asian cultures, but the emphasis on family relationships is generally considered to be a more salient cultural value.

Quiz 10: Attraction and Relationships: From Initial Impressions to Long-Term Intimacy