Question 1

Define the fundamental attribution error and discuss why it occurs.

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Question 2

What are self-serving attributions and why do people make them?

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Question 3

Describe the difference between holistic thinking and analytic thinking, and which cultures tend to use these thinking styles.

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Question 4

Darwin (1872) proposed that facial expressions acquire evolutionary significance. Research has demonstrated that one emotion is more easily decoded in the faces of women while another is more easily decoded in the faces of men. Explain why the ability to decode these emotions would contribute to an early human's ability to survive and pass along that ability to offspring.

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Question 5

What things contribute to a first impression and how quickly are first impressions formed?

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Question 6

In Heider's attribution theory, attributions are dichotomous-that is, there are two possible attributions a person can make about another's behavior. Describe both of these types of attributions, and then provide an example of each type of attribution one could make about why someone is running late for a meeting.

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Question 7

Display rules communicate a culture's ideas about what emotions are appropriate to express in public. There are gender differences in which emotions women and men should display. In addition, evolutionally, there are sex differences in the ease of decoding certain emotions. Describe which emotions are appropriate to display for men and women in the various cultures discussed in your text, and compare how that relates to which emotions are most easily decoded because of our evolutionary heritage.

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Question 8

How have researchers collected evidence that there are six major human emotions conveyed via facial expressions?

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Question 9

Manaka is from Japan and just won a gold medal at the Olympics. When interviewed about what she thinks contributed to her success, she is most likely to answer, __________.

Accepted Answer

Manaka is likely to credit her success to the support she received from her coach and family. This indicates that she recognizes the importance of having a solid support system and acknowledges the role that others have played in helping her achieve her goals.

Question 10

Describe the role of culture in the fundamental attribution error. How prevalent is this error across cultures, and why do these differences exist?

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Question 11

Imagine traveling to a country where you don't speak the native language. You just had a great meal. You don't want to be misunderstood, so how can you communicate to your host that the meal was great, and that you're happy?

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Question 12

The text presents the idea that first impressions tend to form long-lasting impressions. Why might this happen?

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Question 13

What are consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness information, and how do they combine to yield internal, external, and situational attributions? Give an example.

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Question 14

White and colleagues (2017) have proposed that one more way to study cultural differences in attributions is to study people who follow religions that believe in karma. Karma is __________.

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Karma is the belief that good actions will be rewarded and bad actions will be punished, often across multiple lifetimes in some traditions. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Options B and D are not related to the concept of karma, while option C is the opposite of the actual meaning of karma.

Question 15

What are three challenges in decoding facial expressions, as presented in your text?

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Question 16

Making attributions about others' behaviors is a multistep process. How many steps are involved? What attribution do people tend to initially make, and when would individuals proceed past the initial step?

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Quiz 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People