Question 1

Shandra experiences tension because she has two competing goals that must both be resolved.Psychologists use the term _____ to describe Shandra's source of stress.

Accepted Answer

The term used by psychologists to describe Shandra's source of stress is conflict. She is experiencing tension because she has two competing goals that must both be resolved, leading to conflict between the goals. Frustration refers to the emotional reaction to not being able to reach a goal, aggression refers to behavior intended to harm others, anxiety refers to fear or apprehension about future events, and distress refers to negative emotional states. While Shandra may experience some of these symptoms as a result of her conflict, none of them describe the source of her stress.

Question 2

Henri has the opportunity to go to a party.His best friend from high school,whom Henri has not seen for five years,will be there.However,Henri's former girlfriend will also be there.They had a big fight recently and Henri still gets upset when he sees her.He is facing what sort of conflict?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Henri has the opportunity to go to...

Question 3

Matilda is at a reception.The dinner choices are chicken and beef,her two favorite entrees.However,chicken sometimes upsets her stomach and the beef has a lot of saturated fat,which Matilda is trying to avoid for health reasons.She is facing what sort of conflict?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Matilda is at a reception.The dinner choices...

Question 4

Which type of conflict is generally considered the least stressful?

Accepted Answer

Approach-approach conflicts involve choosing between two desirable options, which is generally considered the least stressful type of conflict because both options have positive qualities.

Question 5

Which type of conflict will most likely cause feelings of ambivalence?

Accepted Answer

Approach-avoidance conflict is a type of conflict in which an individual is faced with a decision or situation that has both positive and negative elements. This type of conflict can cause feelings of ambivalence as the person is both attracted to and repelled by the decision or situation. In an approach-avoidance conflict, the individual may feel torn between the potential benefits and the potential costs, leading to uncertainty and indecisiveness.

Question 6

All of the following are symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Reduced arousal is not a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder. The other four options (emotional numbing, impaired functioning, reexperiencing the traumatic event, and avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event) are all symptoms of PTSD.

Question 7

Pauline would like to be a full-time college student.However,she also would like to work full-time.She is a single mother and would prefer to not have her child in day care.The state of tension that Pauline feels is most accurately labeled

Accepted Answer

Pauline is experiencing a conflict between her desire to be a full-time student and work full-time while also wanting to care for her child without the use of day care. This conflict is causing tension for her, as she can't have both of her desires fulfilled at the same time.

Question 8

People who take a slower,more relaxed approach to life fit the profile of which personality type?

Accepted Answer

People who take a slower, more relaxed approach to life fit the profile of a Type B personality. Type B personalities are generally considered to be more easy-going, less competitive, and less focused on achievement compared to Type A personalities, who are more driven, competitive, and goal-oriented.

Question 9

Antonio is faced with a multiple approach-avoidance conflict.This means Antonio is facing

Accepted Answer

A multiple approach-avoidance conflict occurs when an individual is faced with two or more goals, each of which has both attractive and unpleasant qualities. In this scenario, Antonio may be drawn to the rewards associated with each goal, but also experiences negative emotions or consequences associated with each goal.

Question 10

The key element in Type A behavior pattern that appears to account for the increased risk for health problems is

Accepted Answer

Hostility is considered the key element in the Type A behavior pattern that leads to an increased risk of health problems. Hostility is characterized by a cynical, angry, aggressive attitude towards others and the world, and can lead to chronic stress, which in turn can increase the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and other health problems. Impatience, competitiveness, aggression, and ambition may also contribute to Type A behavior, but hostility has been identified as the most problematic factor.

Question 11

A psychological disorder characterized by maladaptive reactions to traumatic events or stressors is

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic stress disorder is the only disorder listed that specifically involves maladaptive reactions to traumatic events or stressors. The other disorders may involve anxiety or difficulty regulating one's emotions, but they do not necessarily result from experiencing trauma.

Question 12

Emilio arrives at the movie theater planning to see a new thriller.When he gets there,he is surprised to see that a new comedy that he has wanted to see is also playing.Based on this description,which type of conflict is he most likely experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Emilio is experiencing an approach-approach conflict because he has two desirable options to choose from (the new thriller and the comedy he has been wanting to see).

Question 13

Keisha suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder.Her primary symptom is being unable to relax and difficulty falling asleep.Based on this description,Keisha's symptoms are an example of which aspect of PTSD?

Accepted Answer

Keisha's primary symptom of difficulty relaxing and falling asleep is a classic example of heightened arousal, which is a key symptom of PTSD. This symptom is characterized by hyper-vigilance, insomnia, and exaggerated startle response. This aspect of PTSD is often the most distressing for individuals experiencing it, as it can interfere with their ability to function in daily life.

Question 14

Regarding posttraumatic stress disorder,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

PTSD is not found only in Western cultures. It has been identified in many different cultures and populations around the world.

Question 15

Psychologists have identified ______ types of conflict,and they are called ______.

Accepted Answer

Psychologists have identified four types of conflict, which are approach-approach, avoidance-avoidance, approach-avoidance, and multiple approach-avoidance. Option A, B, C, and D do not accurately describe the types of conflict identified by psychologists.

Question 16

An approach-avoidance conflict is when someone faces

Accepted Answer

An approach-avoidance conflict occurs when a single goal or situation has both positive and negative aspects, making it attractive yet also unpleasant at the same time. This internal conflict results in the individual's hesitation and indecision about how to respond.

Question 17

People with Type A behavior pattern have a modestly high risk of

Accepted Answer

People with Type A behavior pattern are known to be highly competitive, prone to hostility, and always in a hurry. This behavior pattern puts them at a greater risk of developing coronary heart disease.

Question 18

Eduardo is stressed because he aspires to join the full-time faculty at a local university,but the university will only hire him as a temporary instructor because he lacks a Ph.D.In Eduardo's case,the source of stress is

Accepted Answer

Eduardo's frustration comes from not being able to achieve his goal of becoming a full-time faculty member due to the university's requirement of a Ph.D.

Question 19

Which of the following definitions best describes frustration?

Accepted Answer

Frustration is specifically defined as a negative emotional state that stems from being unable to pursue a desired goal due to obstacles or interference. The other options all describe related concepts such as stress, pressure, or pain, but do not capture the specific aspects of frustration.

Question 20

After being raped,Clarita develops a psychological disorder.Her symptoms include impaired functioning,heightened arousal,and nightmares of the rape.Based on this description,what is Clarita's disorder most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described are classic symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, such as a rape. Generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia do not typically involve recurring nightmares and heightened arousal in response to a specific traumatic event.

Quiz 10: Psychology and Health