Question 1

What is the middle layer of a blood vessel called?

Accepted Answer

The middle layer of a blood vessel is called the tunica media.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a sign of unstable angina?

Accepted Answer

Unstable angina is characterized by changes in the frequency, duration, and intensity of chest pain, as well as chest pain that occurs with less exertion than before or does not respond to medication as well. Chest pain occurring for shorter periods is not a clear sign of unstable angina.

Question 3

What is the function of the tunica adventitia?

Accepted Answer

The tunica adventitia, also known as the outer layer of a blood vessel, serves to provide structural support and protect the vessel from damage. It helps to keep the vessel open and prevent collapse.

Question 4

Which of the following is one of the primary branches of the right coronary artery and supplies blood to the walls of the right atrium and the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

The marginal artery is one of the primary branches of the right coronary artery and specifically supplies blood to the walls of the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Question 5

Which of the following is one of the primary branches of the right coronary artery, providing blood to the posterior wall of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The posterior descending artery is one of the primary branches of the right coronary artery and it supplies blood to the posterior wall of the heart.

Question 6

What is the function of the tunica media?

Accepted Answer

The tunica media is the middle layer of a blood vessel and contains smooth muscle fibers that can dilate or constrict the vessel to regulate blood flow and maintain homeostasis.

Question 7

What is the outermost layer of a blood vessel called?

Accepted Answer

The outermost layer of a blood vessel is called the tunica adventitia, also known as the tunica externa.

Question 8

Which three groups of patients may present with atypical cardiac complaints or problems?

Accepted Answer

Women and the elderly often present with atypical cardiac symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath, rather than the classic chest pain. Patients with diabetes are also at risk for atypical cardiac symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. African Americans and teenagers are not specifically known to present with atypical cardiac symptoms, and patients with cancer may have cardiac concerns related to treatment but do not necessarily present with atypical symptoms.

Question 9

Which layer of a blood vessel is prone to disruption when atherosclerotic plaque is ruptured and peels away?

Accepted Answer

The tunica intima, which is the innermost layer of a blood vessel, is prone to disruption when atherosclerotic plaque ruptures and peels away. This can lead to the formation of blood clots and potentially life-threatening conditions such as heart attacks and strokes.

Question 10

Which of the following is one of the primary branches of the left coronary artery and supplies blood to both of the ventricles?

Accepted Answer

The left anterior descending artery (LAD) is one of the primary branches of the left coronary artery and supplies blood to both of the ventricles.

Question 11

Which of the following are not symptoms that may occur due to blockage of the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of the coronary arteries primarily affects the heart and can lead to symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, and arm pain. Edema and decreased urinary output are more indicative of kidney issues or heart failure rather than direct symptoms of coronary artery blockage.

Question 12

Which of the following is one of the primary branches of the left coronary artery and winds around, supplying blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle?

Accepted Answer

The circumflex artery is a primary branch of the left coronary artery and winds around, supplying blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle. The left anterior descending artery and anterior interventricular artery supply blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle, while the posterior descending artery supplies blood to the posterior wall of the left ventricle.

Question 13

What is the function of the tunica intima?

Accepted Answer

The tunica intima is the innermost layer of the blood vessel and comes in direct contact with the blood. Its main function is to provide a smooth surface for blood flow, prevent coagulation, and regulate vessel tone.

Question 14

Approximately how many people in the United States suffer from angina?

Accepted Answer

According to the American Heart Association, an estimated 7 million people in the United States suffer from angina.

Question 15

What is the term for an oppressive pain or pressure in the chest that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen due to partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery?

Accepted Answer

Angina is the term for an oppressive pain or pressure in the chest that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen due to partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery. Apnea is a cessation of breathing, asystole is the absence of a heartbeat, and arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat.

Question 16

What percentage of women who are having a heart attack never experience chest pain?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that up to 37% of women experiencing a heart attack may not have chest pain as a symptom. It is important for both men and women to be aware of the other symptoms of a heart attack, such as shortness of breath, nausea, and lightheadedness.

Question 17

What is the innermost layer of a blood vessel called?

Accepted Answer

The innermost layer of a blood vessel is called the tunica intima.

Question 18

Which of the following conditions is not a common source of noncardiac chest pain?

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis of the liver is not a common source of noncardiac chest pain. The other options, inflammation of the lungs, gastric or esophageal irritation, and gallbladder pain, can all cause noncardiac chest pain.

Question 19

The average person waits how many hours before seeking help for symptoms of a heart attack?

Accepted Answer

The average person waits 3 hours before seeking help for symptoms of a heart attack, according to the American Heart Association. This delay can lead to more severe damage to the heart and reduce the chances of successful treatment. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if experiencing symptoms of a heart attack.

Question 20

Unstable angina is a warning sign that a patient's cardiac disease has ________.

Accepted Answer

Unstable angina is a type of angina that is considered more serious and unpredictable than stable angina. It is a warning sign that the patient's cardiac disease has worsened and there is an increased risk of a heart attack or other serious cardiac event.

Quiz 14: Clinical Presentation and Management of the Cardiac Patient