Question 1

The nurse is conducting a prenatal assessment on a client.Which finding indicates a risk of sensory impairment in the unborn child?

Accepted Answer

A)Maternal infection with rubella during pregnancy can cause vision impairment in newborns. Thus, lack of immunity to rubella indicates an increased risk of sensory impairment in the newborn. Immunity to varicella is a desirable trait that reduces a mother's chance of illness during pregnancy, thus lessening the likelihood of harm to the newborn. Sensory deficits resulting from maternal otitis media would not be hereditary. Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is an infection that usually clears up on its own and is not congenital.
B)Maternal infection with rubella during pregnancy can cause vision impairment in newborns. Thus, lack of immunity to rubella indicates an increased risk of sensory impairment in the newborn. Immunity to varicella is a desirable trait that reduces a mother's chance of illness during pregnancy, thus lessening the likelihood of harm to the newborn. Sensory deficits resulting from maternal otitis media would not be hereditary. Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is an infection that usually clears up on its own and is not congenital.
C)Maternal infection with rubella during pregnancy can cause vision impairment in newborns. Thus, lack of immunity to rubella indicates an increased risk of sensory impairment in the newborn. Immunity to varicella is a desirable trait that reduces a mother's chance of illness during pregnancy, thus lessening the likelihood of harm to the newborn. Sensory deficits resulting from maternal otitis media would not be hereditary. Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is an infection that usually clears up on its own and is not congenital.
D)Maternal infection with rubella during pregnancy can cause vision impairment in newborns. Thus, lack of immunity to rubella indicates an increased risk of sensory impairment in the newborn. Immunity to varicella is a desirable trait that reduces a mother's chance of illness during pregnancy, thus lessening the likelihood of harm to the newborn. Sensory deficits resulting from maternal otitis media would not be hereditary. Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is an infection that usually clears up on its own and is not congenital.

Question 2

What characterizes individuals with achromatopsia?

Accepted Answer

Individuals with achromatopsia perceive only shades of gray and no colors. This is due to a lack of functioning cone cells in the eyes that are responsible for color perception.

Question 3

Which client should the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for hearing loss?

Accepted Answer

A)The construction worker is likely to have the greatest risk for hearing loss because the client's occupation and typical work environment probably involve sustained exposure to very loud noises. An adolescent who occasionally listens to loud music on headphones is also at risk for hearing loss, but the exposure to loud sounds is only occasional. The teacher working at a large high school works in a noisy environment but is probably not typically exposed to sounds louder than the human voice. Snowmobiles can be loud enough to present a risk for hearing loss, but the lawyer's exposure to them is only once a year.
B)The construction worker is likely to have the greatest risk for hearing loss because the client's occupation and typical work environment probably involve sustained exposure to very loud noises. An adolescent who occasionally listens to loud music on headphones is also at risk for hearing loss, but the exposure to loud sounds is only occasional. The teacher working at a large high school works in a noisy environment but is probably not typically exposed to sounds louder than the human voice. Snowmobiles can be loud enough to present a risk for hearing loss, but the lawyer's exposure to them is only once a year.
C)The construction worker is likely to have the greatest risk for hearing loss because the client's occupation and typical work environment probably involve sustained exposure to very loud noises. An adolescent who occasionally listens to loud music on headphones is also at risk for hearing loss, but the exposure to loud sounds is only occasional. The teacher working at a large high school works in a noisy environment but is probably not typically exposed to sounds louder than the human voice. Snowmobiles can be loud enough to present a risk for hearing loss, but the lawyer's exposure to them is only once a year.
D)The construction worker is likely to have the greatest risk for hearing loss because the client's occupation and typical work environment probably involve sustained exposure to very loud noises. An adolescent who occasionally listens to loud music on headphones is also at risk for hearing loss, but the exposure to loud sounds is only occasional. The teacher working at a large high school works in a noisy environment but is probably not typically exposed to sounds louder than the human voice. Snowmobiles can be loud enough to present a risk for hearing loss, but the lawyer's exposure to them is only once a year.

Question 4

The nurse is selecting sensory aids for a client with deficits in hearing and sight.Which aid would address both sensory deficits?

Accepted Answer

A flashing alarm clock with large numbers would address both deficits by providing visual cues with the large numbers and auditory cues with the flashing alarm. The other options only address one sensory deficit. Adequate room lighting with night lights addresses deficits in vision, amplified telephone addresses deficits in hearing, and large-print reading material addresses deficits in vision.

Question 5

What are the two components of the sensory process?

Accepted Answer

The two components of the sensory process are reception (which involves the detection of the stimulus by the sensory receptor) and perception (which involves the interpretation of the stimulus by the brain). Option A is close, but not fully accurate, as it only includes the stimulus and the receptor, and does not account for the interpretation of the stimulus by the brain. Option B includes two specific sensory processes, but not the broader components of the sensory process. Option C refers specifically to the sensory modalities of vision and hearing, but not the components of the sensory process.

Question 6

Which nursing action is most appropriate when communicating with a client who has a hearing deficit?

Accepted Answer

Writing ideas or pantomiming can be helpful for clients with hearing deficits as it allows for alternative methods of communication. Drawing out the articulation of words may not necessarily improve understanding, and varying the volume of voice may not be effective if the client has difficulty discerning certain frequencies. Using shorter phrases may be helpful but may not be as effective as providing visual aids.

Question 7

The nurse suspects that an older adult client has a hearing disorder;however,the client denies not being able to hear,and the family thinks the client is just becoming more absent minded with age.Which initial action by the nurse to assess the client's hearing is appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)The most telling of these options would be to observe the client's interactions with family. The nurse should assess for frequent requests to repeat, inattention to conversation, turning one ear to the conversation, and lip reading. The Weber and Rinne test and use of an otoscope may be a part of an assessment but will not yield the immediate information that simple observation would. The client has already denied having a hearing problem, so confronting the client with the nurse's suspicion will probably only alienate the client from the nurse.
B)The most telling of these options would be to observe the client's interactions with family. The nurse should assess for frequent requests to repeat, inattention to conversation, turning one ear to the conversation, and lip-reading. The Weber and Rinne test and use of an otoscope may be a part of an assessment but will not yield the immediate information that simple observation would. The client has already denied having a hearing problem, so confronting the client with the nurse's suspicion will probably only alienate the client from the nurse.
C)The most telling of these options would be to observe the client's interactions with family. The nurse should assess for frequent requests to repeat, inattention to conversation, turning one ear to the conversation, and lip-reading. The Weber and Rinne test and use of an otoscope may be a part of an assessment but will not yield the immediate information that simple observation would. The client has already denied having a hearing problem, so confronting the client with the nurse's suspicion will probably only alienate the client from the nurse.
D)The most telling of these options would be to observe the client's interactions with family. The nurse should assess for frequent requests to repeat, inattention to conversation, turning one ear to the conversation, and lip-reading. The Weber and Rinne test and use of an otoscope may be a part of an assessment but will not yield the immediate information that simple observation would. The client has already denied having a hearing problem, so confronting the client with the nurse's suspicion will probably only alienate the client from the nurse.

Question 8

What is vertigo?

Accepted Answer

Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or imbalance, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sweating. It is caused by a disturbance in the inner ear or the vestibular nerve, which sends signals to the brain about head and body movements. It can also be a side effect of certain medications or a symptom of a more serious medical condition.

Question 9

A nurse is caring for a client with a genetic nerve disorder who has difficulty when attempting to move her tongue.The nurse recognizes that this may indicate a deficit in the functioning of which cranial nerve?

Accepted Answer

The hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) controls movement of the tongue. Difficulty moving the tongue may indicate a deficit in this nerve's functioning.

Question 10

The nurse is planning care for an older adult client diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration (AMD)that is nonexudative.Which therapies should the nurse anticipate for this client? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration is typically treated with nutritional supplements, specifically antioxidants (such as vitamins C and E) and zinc. Laser surgery and eye patches are not typically used for this type of AMD, and eyedrops may be used for things like glaucoma or dry eye but are not specific to AMD treatment.

Question 11

Where does perception,or the awareness and interpretation of stimuli,take place?

Accepted Answer

Perception, which involves the processing and interpretation of sensory information, takes place in the brain. The nerve receptors, peripheral nervous system, and impulses all play a role in transmitting the sensory information to the brain for processing, but perception itself occurs in the brain.

Question 12

Which diagnostic test should the nurse use to assess hearing in an infant?

Accepted Answer

The otoacoustic emissions test is the best diagnostic test to assess hearing in an infant. This non-invasive test measures the sound waves produced by the inner ear and allows for early detection of hearing problems. The other options (Weber test, Rinne test, and Whisper test) are not appropriate for assessing hearing in infants.

Question 13

The nurse is identifying nursing diagnoses appropriate for a client with severe symptoms of tinnitus,vertigo,sensorineural hearing deficit,nausea,and vomiting.Which diagnosis would be the lowest priority for this client?

Accepted Answer

A)Possible nursing diagnoses for the patient with hearing impairment may include Impaired Verbal Communication, Social Isolation, and Risk for Injury. Nausea is accurate for a client who has tinnitus, vertigo, and nausea; however, the greater priorities for this client would be safety related to falls, ensuring effective communication, and ensuring that the client does not become socially isolated.
B)Possible nursing diagnoses for the patient with hearing impairment may include Impaired Verbal Communication, Social Isolation, and Risk for Injury. Nausea is accurate for a client who has tinnitus, vertigo, and nausea; however, the greater priorities for this client would be safety related to falls, ensuring effective communication, and ensuring that the client does not become socially isolated.
C)Possible nursing diagnoses for the patient with hearing impairment may include Impaired Verbal Communication, Social Isolation, and Risk for Injury. Nausea is accurate for a client who has tinnitus, vertigo, and nausea; however, the greater priorities for this client would be safety related to falls, ensuring effective communication, and ensuring that the client does not become socially isolated.
D)Possible nursing diagnoses for the patient with hearing impairment may include Impaired Verbal Communication, Social Isolation, and Risk for Injury. Nausea is accurate for a client who has tinnitus, vertigo, and nausea; however, the greater priorities for this client would be safety related to falls, ensuring effective communication, and ensuring that the client does not become socially isolated.

Question 14

The nurse is providing teaching on the recommended hearing tests for older adults.Which information should be included in this teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)Adults should be screened for hearing at least every 10 years until the age of 50 and then every 3 years. A biannual or annual hearing test is not necessary for this age group. Annual screenings for vision are recommended for adults with diabetes, and for individuals without comorbidities, eye exams should be repeated every 1-3 years for ages 55-64, and every 1- years for ages 65 and above.
B)Adults should be screened for hearing at least every 10 years until the age of 50 and then every 3 years. A biannual or annual hearing test is not necessary for this age group. Annual screenings for vision are recommended for adults with diabetes, and for individuals without comorbidities, eye exams should be repeated every 1-3 years for ages 55-64, and every 1- years for ages 65 and above.
C)Adults should be screened for hearing at least every 10 years until the age of 50 and then every 3 years. A biannual or annual hearing test is not necessary for this age group. Annual screenings for vision are recommended for adults with diabetes, and for individuals without comorbidities, eye exams should be repeated every 1-3 years for ages 55-64, and every 1- years for ages 65 and above.
D)Adults should be screened for hearing at least every 10 years until the age of 50 and then every 3 years. A biannual or annual hearing test is not necessary for this age group. Annual screenings for vision are recommended for adults with diabetes, and for individuals without comorbidities, eye exams should be repeated every 1-3 years for ages 55-64, and every 1- years for ages 65 and above.

Question 15

Which strategy for communication enhancement incorporates the use of shapes?

Accepted Answer

A)Of the strategies listed, only cued speech incorporates the use of shapes. Specifically, cued speech accompanies oral speech with hand shapes that represent groups of consonant sounds. Both sign language and total communication use signs, not shapes. An oral approach involves only spoken communication and avoids the use of formal signs.
B)Of the strategies listed, only cued speech incorporates the use of shapes. Specifically, cued speech accompanies oral speech with hand shapes that represent groups of consonant sounds. Both sign language and total communication use signs, not shapes. An oral approach involves only spoken communication and avoids the use of formal signs.
C)Of the strategies listed, only cued speech incorporates the use of shapes. Specifically, cued speech accompanies oral speech with hand shapes that represent groups of consonant sounds. Both sign language and total communication use signs, not shapes. An oral approach involves only spoken communication and avoids the use of formal signs.
D)Of the strategies listed, only cued speech incorporates the use of shapes. Specifically, cued speech accompanies oral speech with hand shapes that represent groups of consonant sounds. Both sign language and total communication use signs, not shapes. An oral approach involves only spoken communication and avoids the use of formal signs.

Question 16

Which is the decibel level for mild hearing loss?

Accepted Answer

A)Hearing loss is expressed in terms of decibels, or units of loudness. 41-70 dB is moderate hearing loss, at which most normal conversational sounds are missed. 16-40 dB is mild hearing loss, at which some speech sounds are difficult to perceive. 71-90 dB is severe hearing loss, at which speech sounds cannot be heard at a normal conversational level. 91+ dB is profound hearing loss and constitutes legal deafness.
B)Hearing loss is expressed in terms of decibels, or units of loudness. 41-70 dB is moderate hearing loss, at which most normal conversational sounds are missed. 16-40 dB is mild hearing loss, at which some speech sounds are difficult to perceive. 71-90 dB is severe hearing loss, at which speech sounds cannot be heard at a normal conversational level. 91+ dB is profound hearing loss and constitutes legal deafness.
C)Hearing loss is expressed in terms of decibels, or units of loudness. 41-70 dB is moderate hearing loss, at which most normal conversational sounds are missed. 16-40 dB is mild hearing loss, at which some speech sounds are difficult to perceive. 71-90 dB is severe hearing loss, at which speech sounds cannot be heard at a normal conversational level. 91+ dB is profound hearing loss and constitutes legal deafness.
D)Hearing loss is expressed in terms of decibels, or units of loudness. 41-70 dB is moderate hearing loss, at which most normal conversational sounds are missed. 16-40 dB is mild hearing loss, at which some speech sounds are difficult to perceive. 71-90 dB is severe hearing loss, at which speech sounds cannot be heard at a normal conversational level. 91+ dB is profound hearing loss and constitutes legal deafness.

Question 17

A client tells the nurse about having increasing difficulty seeing the print while reading a newspaper.Which tool should the nurse select to assess this client?

Accepted Answer

The Rosenbaum eye chart is used to assess near vision, making it the best choice for a client reporting difficulty seeing print while reading a newspaper. The Penlight and Cover-uncover test are used to assess eye movement and alignment, and the Snellen eye chart is used to assess distance vision.

Question 18

A client is experiencing visual overstimulation.What can the nurse do immediately to reduce this client's visual sensory overload?

Accepted Answer

Lowering shades and turning off overhead lights can help reduce the amount of visual stimulation in the client's environment, which can alleviate their visual overload. Wearing sunglasses or providing large-print materials may not address the root cause of the client's issue with visual stimulation. Encouraging relaxation techniques is also helpful but may take longer to have an impact on the client's immediate symptoms.

Question 19

A nurse is evaluating the care received by a client who has a hearing deficit.Which statement indicates that the client is effectively addressing variables that may lead to social isolation?

Accepted Answer

The client's statement that they ask others to face them when they talk demonstrates an effective communication strategy for someone with a hearing deficit, which could help prevent social isolation.

Question 20

A nurse is providing teaching to a young adult client who is occasionally exposed to loud explosions on the job site.Which statement on the part of the client indicates that he accurately understands the potential risk to his hearing?

Accepted Answer

Choice C accurately states that exposure to loud noises can cause permanent hearing loss. Choices A and D are incorrect as surgery and reversal of hearing loss are not always possible. Choice B is also incorrect as genetics do not play a significant role in noise-induced hearing loss.

Quiz 18: Sensory Perception