Question 1

Aqueous colloidal solutions can be classified as ________ (water-fearing), or hydrophilic (water-loving).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aqueous colloidal solutions can be classified as...

Question 2

If an egg's shell is carefully dissolved using an acid, the egg white and yolk will remain intact inside a membrane. If the egg is then placed in distilled water, it will slowly expand until it bursts. Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If an egg's shell is carefully dissolved...

Question 3

Colloids are described by all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

This statement is false, as both combinations of liquids and solids or combinations of liquids and liquids can form colloids.

Question 4

Because ________ particles are relatively large (say, 1000 nm in diameter) they scatter visible light, making the mixtures containing these particles appear cloudy. This scattering is known as the Tyndall effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because ________ particles are relatively large (say,...

Question 5

A solution is prepared by dissolving 5.88 g of an unknown nonelectrolyte in enough water to make 0.355 L of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution is 1.21 atm at 27 °C. What is the molar mass of the solute? (R = 0.08206 L⋅atm/mol⋅K)

Accepted Answer

The answer of A solution is prepared by dissolving 5.88...

Question 6

What is the osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution that is 0.46% NaCl by weight at 36°C. Assume the density of the solution is 1.0 g/mL. Assume no ion pairing. (R = 0.0821 L · atm/K·mol)

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the osmotic pressure of an...

Question 7

_____ are colloidal dispersions of one liquid in another.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ are colloidal dispersions of one liquid...

Question 8

A solution in which there is more dissolved solute than in a saturated solution is known as a(n) ________ solution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A solution in which there is more...

Question 9

A surfactant used for cleaning is called a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A surfactant used for cleaning is called...

Question 10

What type of colloid is formed when a liquid is dispersed in a gas?

Accepted Answer

When a liquid is dispersed in a gas, it forms an aerosol. This is a type of colloid in which small liquid droplets are suspended in a gas. Examples include mist, smoke, and fog.

Question 11

The osmotic pressure of blood is 7.65 atm at 37 °C. What mass of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆, molar mass = 180.2 g/mol) is needed to prepare 2.25 L of solution for intravenous injection? The osmotic pressure of the glucose solution must equal the osmotic pressure of blood. (R = 0.08206 L⋅atm/mol⋅K)

Accepted Answer

To find the mass of glucose needed, we use the formula for osmotic pressure: $\pi = MRT$, where $\pi$ is the osmotic pressure, $M$ is the molarity, $R$ is the gas constant, and $T$ is the temperature in Kelvin. Given $\pi = 7.65$ atm, $R = 0.08206$ L⋅atm/mol⋅K, and $T = 37$ °C (which is $310$ K when converted), we can solve for $M$, the molarity of the glucose solution. First, rearrange the formula to solve for $M$: $M = \frac{\pi}{RT}$.Substitute the given values: $M = \frac{7.65}{0.08206 \times 310}$.Solving for $M$ gives approximately $0.3$ mol/L.To find the mass of glucose needed for $2.25$ L of solution, multiply the molarity by the volume of the solution and the molar mass of glucose: mass = $M \times \text{volume} \times \text{molar mass}$ = $0.3 \times 2.25 \times 180.2$.This calculation gives a mass of approximately $122$ g.

Question 12

All of the following are colloidal dispersions EXCEPT ____.

Accepted Answer

White wine is a true solution, not a colloidal dispersion. In colloids, particles are dispersed throughout but do not settle out or separate, unlike the homogeneous mixture of white wine where substances are dissolved completely.

Question 13

Which of the following solutions has the lowest osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following solutions has the...

Question 14

Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to its pressure above the liquid. This law holds Right for gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. However, Henry's law does not hold Right for hydrogen chloride gas. Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Henry's law states that the solubility of...

Question 15

What is the concentration unit used in the calculation of osmotic pressure of a dilute solution?

Accepted Answer

Molarity is the concentration unit used in the calculation of osmotic pressure of a dilute solution because it is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, which directly relates to the number of solute particles available to exert osmotic pressure.

Question 16

Which of the following is a colligative property?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a colligative...

Question 17

The following equation is known as ________ law: $P _ { \text {solvent } } = X _ { \text {solvent } } P _ { \text {solvent } } ^ { \circ }$ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following equation is known as ________...

Question 18

A 3.0 g sample of a small protein having a molecular weight of 42,000 g/mol is dissolved in 52.8 mL of water at 21°C. What is the osmotic pressure of the solution? (R = 0.0821 L · atm/K·mol, 1 atm = 760 mmHg)

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 3.0 g sample of a small...

Question 19

Which of the following statements about soaps and detergents is false?

Accepted Answer

The polar end of soaps and detergents is attracted to water, not grease and oil. It's the nonpolar end that is attracted to grease and oil, allowing them to be washed away with water.

Question 20

If one of the factors determining the equilibrium of a system is changed, the system adjusts to counteract that change. This is known as ________ principle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If one of the factors determining the...

Quiz 14: Solutions and Their Behavior