Question 1

Destiny was taking a tricyclic to treat her unipolar depression.Upon resolution of her depressive symptoms,Destiny immediately stopped taking her tricyclic.How likely is it that she will experience a relapse?

Accepted Answer

The relapse rate for individuals who discontinue tricyclic antidepressant medication is high, at approximately 50 percent. It is important for individuals to work with their healthcare provider to gradually taper off medication rather than suddenly stopping to decrease the risk of relapse.

Question 2

If bipolar disorder is genetically linked,then which of the following research findings,if obtained,would be the least likely?

Accepted Answer

If bipolar disorder is genetically linked, it would be unlikely for the rate of the disorder to increase steadily over the past decade since genetic factors do not change rapidly over time.

Question 3

Considering that numerous chromosomes have genetic markers that are associated with unipolar depression,which inference may we draw about the link between genetic factors and depression?

Accepted Answer

While genetic markers may play a role in the development of depression, they are not the only factor at play. Other factors such as environmental stressors and lifestyle choices can also contribute to the onset of depression. Additionally, having genetic markers does not guarantee that an individual will develop depression, as a variety of factors can influence whether or not someone develops the disorder. Therefore, genetic factors alone are insufficient to explain the development of depression in an individual.

Question 4

Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers,even though it is obvious to others that they should,and actually could,leave.A good explanation for their behavior is:

Accepted Answer

Learned helplessness is a condition in which a person has learned to believe that they have no control over their situation and that any action they take will be futile. Victims of spousal abuse may develop learned helplessness and believe that they cannot escape the abuse, even if they could. This can make them stay with their abuser, even when it is obvious to others that they should leave.

Question 5

What are the two most influential cognitive explanations for unipolar depression?

Accepted Answer

The theory of negative thinking and the theory of learned helplessness are two major cognitive explanations for unipolar depression, focusing on maladaptive thought patterns and perceived lack of control, respectively.

Question 6

Unconsciously interpreting the loss of a valued object as the loss of a loved one is referred to as _____ loss.

Accepted Answer

Symbolic loss refers to the unconscious interpretation of losing a valued object as losing a loved one, where the object represents something significant emotionally.

Question 7

Depression is more common in women because they experience more taxing life situations,such as poverty and menial jobs,than men.This is the:

Accepted Answer

The life stress theory suggests that women are more likely to experience depression due to the cumulative effect of stressful life events, such as poverty and menial jobs. This theory aligns with the statement provided in the question. The other options, self-blame theory, artifact theory, and lack-of-control theory, do not directly address the gender disparity in depression rates related to life situations.

Question 8

According to the developmental psychopathology perspective,moderate and manageable adversities that occur during childhood may make a person more _____ when faced with stressful events during adulthood.

Accepted Answer

The developmental psychopathology perspective suggests that experiencing moderate and manageable adversities during childhood can actually lead to increased resilience later in life. This means that individuals who have faced and overcome challenges during childhood may be better equipped to handle stressful events and adversity during adulthood. Therefore, the best choice is B, resilient.

Question 9

Which sociocultural theory does NOT attempt to explain the link between gender and depression?

Accepted Answer

Interpersonal conflict theory focuses on the role of interpersonal relationships and conflicts in mental health, but it does not specifically address the link between gender and depression.

Question 10

Since immediately after the birth of her son,Aubree has experienced a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him.She has never felt this way before,and this sadness has now been going on for several weeks.With which type of major depression would Aubree MOST likely be diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

Aubree's symptoms align with peripartum depression, which occurs during pregnancy or shortly after childbirth, affecting her ability to care for her newborn.

Question 11

If a study demonstrated that depression is caused by concerns about one's weight,that finding would provide strong evidence:

Accepted Answer

The finding that depression is caused by concerns about one's weight supports the body dissatisfaction explanation, which proposes that negative body image and dissatisfaction can lead to depression.

Question 12

A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs.She draws negative conclusions from very little evidence,amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws,and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws.You conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation?

Accepted Answer

The therapist's focus on the patient's thought patterns, such as drawing negative conclusions from little evidence and amplifying mistakes, aligns with cognitive-behavioral therapy, which addresses dysfunctional thinking and beliefs.

Question 13

What kind of depression is unipolar?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar depression refers to major depressive disorder, characterized by persistent sadness or lack of interest, without the manic episodes that are present in bipolar disorder.

Question 14

The type of clinician who would be MOST likely to say,"Tell me about the quality of mutual support you receive from your marriage," is a:

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural clinicians focus on the impact of social, cultural, and environmental factors on mental health, including the quality of relationships and support systems, which makes them most likely to inquire about mutual support in a marriage.

Question 15

Which is NOT a type of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Catatonic, seasonal, and melancholic are all types of major depressive disorders recognized by the DSM-5. However, posttraumatic depression is not a recognized subtype of major depressive disorder. PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) is a separate mental disorder that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

Question 16

To receive a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder with dysthymic syndrome,an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least:

Accepted Answer

To receive a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder with dysthymic syndrome, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least two years.

Question 17

An older person retires and begins experiencing health problems.The person consequently loses contact with old friends and becomes unpleasant to be around.A cognitive-behaviorist would explain the resulting depression in terms of:

Accepted Answer

A cognitive-behaviorist would focus on the loss of positive social rewards, as the person's health problems and unpleasant demeanor may lead to reduced social interactions and reinforcement, contributing to depression.

Question 18

If a person taking lithium began experiencing nausea,vomiting,sluggishness,tremors,and seizures,one would suspect that:

Accepted Answer

These symptoms are indicative of lithium intoxication, which occurs when lithium levels in the body become too high.

Question 19

According to Seligman's research,dogs that were initially exposed to inescapable electric shocks learned to _____ when given the opportunity to avoid subsequent escapable shocks.

Accepted Answer

Seligman's research on learned helplessness showed that dogs initially exposed to inescapable electric shocks did not attempt to escape when later presented with escapable shocks, demonstrating a learned sense of helplessness or resignation.

Question 20

What is the average age of onset of unipolar depression?

Accepted Answer

The average age of onset of unipolar depression is 19.

Quiz 6: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders