Question 1

An employee stays late after work in order to meet a deadline.The employee believes this will help her get a promotion.This belief reflects an example of
A)valence.
B)instrumentality.
C)expectancy
D)dependency.

Accepted Answer

Expectancy is the belief that a certain level of effort will lead to a certain level of performance. In this case, the employee believes that staying late after work will help her get a promotion.

Question 2

Which motivational theory most heavily utilizes the notion of a feedback loop?
A)goal-setting
B)VIE
C)control
D)need

Accepted Answer

The control theory of motivation heavily utilizes the notion of a feedback loop, as it focuses on the process of comparing current performance to a standard or goal and making adjustments based on feedback to achieve desired outcomes.

Question 3

How many aspects of motivation are measured in the Motivational Trait Questionnaire (MTQ)?
A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8

Accepted Answer

The Motivational Trait Questionnaire (MTQ) measures six aspects of motivation, encompassing various dimensions of personal motivation traits.

Question 4

A sales representative failed to meet the company's sales goals for the first quarter.Based on feedback he received from his supervisor,the sales representative decided to change his behavior for the following quarter in order to meet the next sales goal.Which motivational theory best describes the approach taken by the sales representative?
A)goal-setting
B)VIE
C)control
D)need

Accepted Answer

The answer of A sales representative failed to meet the...

Question 5

The Motivational Trait Questionnaire measures
A)whether an individual is motivated to complete a certain task.
B)six overlapping aspects of work motivation.
C)an individual's predisposition to displaying certain traits.
D)six distinct aspects of general motivation.

Accepted Answer

The Motivational Trait Questionnaire is designed to measure six distinct aspects of general motivation, capturing an individual's predisposition towards motivation across various settings, not just work-specific scenarios.

Question 6

Which of the following elements deals with the relationship between performance and anticipated outcomes?
A)valence
B)instrumentality
C)expectancy
D)dependency

Accepted Answer

Instrumentality refers to the belief that if one performs well, then a valued outcome will be received. It is the perceived relationship between performance and outcomes.

Question 7

What theory assumes that an individual compares a standard to an actual outcome and adjusts behavior to bring the outcome into agreement with the standard?
A)feedback theory
B)adjustment theory
C)control theory
D)comparison theory

Accepted Answer

Control theory posits that individuals compare their current state or performance against a standard or goal and adjust their behavior in response to minimize any discrepancies between the actual outcome and the standard.

Question 8

Hackman and Oldham developed a way to score jobs on their potential to motivate an individual.All of the following are job characteristics tied to this motivation potential except
A)the extent to which the individual identifies with coworkers.
B)the extent to which a task or job is self-contained.
C)the extent to which the individual can control schedules.
D)the number of skills required to perform a job successfully.

Accepted Answer

Hackman and Oldham's model focuses on job characteristics that directly impact an individual's motivation related to the job itself, such as task identity, autonomy, and skill variety. The extent to which the individual identifies with coworkers is more related to social and team dynamics rather than the intrinsic characteristics of the job itself.

Question 9

A medical student is given a difficult case to diagnose and treat.The resident physician reassures the student,and the case is successfully treated.This is an example of increased efficacy through
A)modeling.
B)mastery experience.
C)social persuasion.
D)physiological state.

Accepted Answer

Social persuasion involves verbal encouragement and reassurance from others, which can boost an individual's belief in their own abilities. In this scenario, the resident physician's reassurance likely increased the medical student's confidence in their ability to diagnose and treat the difficult case, demonstrating increased efficacy through social persuasion.

Question 10

A manager's evaluation from her subordinates stated that she was not perceived as being approachable.The manager considered this and made an effort to be more approachable,which resulted in better working relationships with her employees.This is an example of
A)self-referential.
B)self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)self-efficacy.
D)self-regulation.

Accepted Answer

The manager's action of adjusting her behavior based on feedback to improve her approachability and subsequently achieving better working relationships with her employees exemplifies self-regulation. Self-regulation involves controlling one's behavior, emotions, or thoughts to achieve long-term goals.

Question 11

A saleswoman is contingently rewarded for her performance.However,she does not know how many sales are required to receive a reward at any given time.Her last reward came after 3 sales,whereas the previous reward came after 12 sales.She is receiving which type of reward?
A)predictable reward.
B)variable reward.
C)continuous reward.
D)intermittent reward.

Accepted Answer

Variable rewards are given after an unpredictable number of responses.

Question 12

A sales manager is given a challenging quota to meet by the end of the month.The manager meets the quota and feels confident in her skills.This is an example of increased efficacy through
A)modeling.
B)mastery experience.
C)social persuasion.
D)physiological state.

Accepted Answer

Mastery experience, which refers to succeeding at a task or overcoming obstacles, is the most direct and influential source of efficacy beliefs. In this scenario, the sales manager's success in meeting a challenging quota directly boosts her confidence in her skills, exemplifying increased efficacy through mastery experience.

Question 13

Which of the following research findings concerning goal setting theory is incorrect?
A)If a goal is very difficult,the person should be rewarded for partial attainment.
B)If the task requires cooperation,group goals might be appropriate.
C)Process goals may be more appropriate for complex tasks.
D)When high quantity goals are set,the quality of performance increases.

Accepted Answer

Setting high quantity goals often leads to an increase in productivity, but this can come at the expense of quality. Therefore, the statement that quality of performance increases with high quantity goals is incorrect. Quality and quantity goals need to be balanced to ensure that increasing one does not detrimentally affect the other.

Question 14

An employee finds out that she is making the same salary as a co-worker who is performing half the amount of work,and she becomes motivated to somehow fix this unfair situation.Which theory best describes this scenario?
A)goal-setting theory
B)VIE theory
C)need theory
D)equity theory

Accepted Answer

This scenario is best described by equity theory, which focuses on the fairness of work outcomes and inputs among individuals. The employee perceives an inequity in the effort-to-reward ratio between herself and her co-worker, motivating her to address this perceived unfairness.

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the ways to develop self-efficacy?
A)social persuasion
B)mastery experiences
C)modification
D)modeling

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy, a concept introduced by psychologist Albert Bandura, refers to an individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. It is developed through four main sources: mastery experiences (successfully completing tasks), vicarious experiences (observing others successfully completing tasks, also known as modeling), verbal persuasion (being encouraged by others), and physiological states (interpreting one's own physical reactions as indicators of competence). "Modification" is not recognized as a method for developing self-efficacy according to Bandura's theory.

Question 16

Goal-setting theory fits well with which of the following metaphors?
A)person as machine
B)person as scientist
C)person as intentional
D)person as judge

Accepted Answer

Goal-setting theory aligns with the "person as intentional" metaphor because it emphasizes the role of individual intentions, goals, and purposeful actions in driving behavior and motivation.

Question 17

Which of the following elements is not part of Vroom's theory of motivation?
A)valence
B)instrumentality
C)expectancy
D)dependency

Accepted Answer

Vroom's theory of motivation, also known as Vroom's Expectancy Theory, includes three components: valence, instrumentality, and expectancy. Dependency is not part of Vroom's theory.

Question 18

All of the following are ways that self-efficacy can be developed and increased except
A)performance mentoring.
B)social persuasion.
C)mastery experience.
D)physiological states.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy can be developed and increased through social persuasion, mastery experiences, and by interpreting physiological states in a positive manner. Performance mentoring is not a recognized method for developing self-efficacy according to Albert Bandura's theory.

Quiz 8: The Motivation to Work

An employee stays late after work in order to meet a deadline.The employee believes this will help her get a promotion.This belief reflects an example of

Which motivational theory most heavily utilizes the notion of a feedback loop?

How many aspects of motivation are measured in the Motivational Trait Questionnaire (MTQ) ?

The Motivational Trait Questionnaire measures

Which of the following elements deals with the relationship between performance and anticipated outcomes?

What theory assumes that an individual compares a standard to an actual outcome and adjusts behavior to bring the outcome into agreement with the standard?

Hackman and Oldham developed a way to score jobs on their potential to motivate an individual.All of the following are job characteristics tied to this motivation potential except

A medical student is given a difficult case to diagnose and treat.The resident physician reassures the student,and the case is successfully treated.This is an example of increased efficacy through

A manager's evaluation from her subordinates stated that she was not perceived as being approachable.The manager considered this and made an effort to be more approachable,which resulted in better working relationships with her employees.This is an example of

A saleswoman is contingently rewarded for her performance.However,she does not know how many sales are required to receive a reward at any given time.Her last reward came after 3 sales,whereas the previous reward came after 12 sales.She is receiving which type of reward?

A sales manager is given a challenging quota to meet by the end of the month.The manager meets the quota and feels confident in her skills.This is an example of increased efficacy through

Which of the following research findings concerning goal setting theory is incorrect?

An employee finds out that she is making the same salary as a co-worker who is performing half the amount of work,and she becomes motivated to somehow fix this unfair situation.Which theory best describes this scenario?

Which of the following is not one of the ways to develop self-efficacy?

Goal-setting theory fits well with which of the following metaphors?

Which of the following elements is not part of Vroom's theory of motivation?

All of the following are ways that self-efficacy can be developed and increased except