Question 1

Victor Hugo wrote:

Accepted Answer

Victor Hugo is best known for his novels, particularly Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre Dame, which focused on the struggles of the common people and their fight for justice.

Question 2

A Romantic would probably argue that human nature is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A Romantic would probably argue that human...

Question 3

Romanticism was exhibited in the paintings of the British artist:

Accepted Answer

J. M. W. Turner is known for his romantic style of painting, which focused on dramatic landscapes and emotions. His work was a part of the Romantic movement in art in Britain during the 19th century.

Question 4

The Congress of Vienna joined the Netherlands and Belgium together as a buffer against France,but the Belgians never accepted this arrangement and they revolted following:

Accepted Answer

The Belgians revolted following the French Revolution of 1830. This event led to the separation of Belgium and the Netherlands, and the establishment of Belgium as an independent country. The Congress of Vienna preceded these events by over a decade and therefore cannot be the correct answer. The Congress of Berlin was held in 1878 and had to do with the reorganization of the Balkans after the Russo-Turkish War, so it is also not the correct answer. Napoleon's escape from Elba led to the Hundred Days and the Battle of Waterloo, but it did not directly involve the Netherlands and Belgium. The July Ordinances were a set of restrictive laws passed in France in 1830, but again, they did not directly involve the Netherlands and Belgium. The partition of Poland was a series of events that took place in the late 18th century and does not relate to the question at hand.

Question 5

The fiercest critic of British industrial society was the poet:

Accepted Answer

William Blake was a fierce critic of British industrial society, often depicting it as oppressive and dehumanizing in his poetry and art. He was particularly critical of the effect industrialization had on human creativity and spirituality.

Question 6

Beethoven and Goethe:

Accepted Answer

Both Beethoven and Goethe are considered key figures in the Romantic movement, yet their works and ideas varied greatly and illustrate the diversity of the movement. Therefore, it is difficult to assign a single definition to Romanticism based on their contributions.

Question 7

One of the best-known examples of Romantic fiction,Frankenstein,was written by:

Accepted Answer

Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein, which is widely regarded as one of the most well-known examples of Romantic fiction. Mary Keats, Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Bysshe, and Mary Byron were not authors of Frankenstein.

Question 8

Many European countries experienced an increase in nationalistic feelings following the Napoleonic Wars; this feeling in Poland was expressed in the national epic:

Accepted Answer

The national epic of Poland, which expressed the nationalistic feelings following the Napoleonic Wars, is Pan Tadeusz.

Question 9

During the nineteenth century,many European economists such as _________ sought to develop national economies and national infrastructures in keeping with the general rise of nationalism.

Accepted Answer

The question refers to the development of national economies and infrastructures in Europe during the nineteenth century, which is closely associated with the ideas of Friedrich List. List argued that economic development required state intervention to protect national industries and promote the growth of domestic infrastructure, such as transportation networks and communication systems. His ideas were influential in the development of various protectionist policies in Europe during the nineteenth century, including tariffs and subsidies for national industries. Therefore, choice E, Friedrich List, is the most appropriate answer. The other options are not relevant to the question of national economic development in Europe during the nineteenth century.

Question 10

Johann von Herder argued in opposition to the philosophes that the character of a nation's civilization derived from:

Accepted Answer

Johann von Herder believed that the true character of a nation's civilization came from the customs, beliefs, and traditions of the common people, known as the "volk". He believed that the unique qualities of each nation's volk should be celebrated and preserved, rather than trying to conform to a universal standard of civilization.

Question 11

According to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's What Is Property?,property:

Accepted Answer

According to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's What is Property?, the statement "property is theft" summarizes his view that the natural resources of the world and all property should be held in common and not privately owned.

Question 12

The July Ordinances of 1830 issued by Charles X dissolved the newly elected Chamber of Deputies,imposed strict censorship on the press,and:

Accepted Answer

The July Ordinances of 1830, issued by Charles X, aimed to restrict political freedoms and maintain royal authority. One of the key actions was to restrict suffrage, which limited the number of people eligible to vote, thereby reducing the influence of the liberal opposition and the middle class in the political process. This move was part of Charles X's broader attempt to roll back the gains of the liberal and nationalist movements that had been growing in France.

Question 13

It is said by some historians that Karl Marx turned G.W.F.Hegel "on his head" because where Marx began with material forces,Hegel started with:d

Accepted Answer

Hegel started with ideas, specifically the development of human consciousness and reason, which he saw as the driving force of historical progress. Marx, on the other hand, saw material forces, such as economic production and class struggle, as the primary drivers of history. Marx's focus on materialism can be seen as a reversal of Hegel's emphasis on idealism.

Question 14

One of the best-known images of the revolutions of 1830 is Liberty Leading the People by:

Accepted Answer

Liberty Leading the People is one of the most iconic and recognizable paintings of the 19th century, and it was painted by the French Romantic artist Eugene Delacroix in 1830. The painting depicts a fearless and determined Liberty (personifying the French nation) leading a group of citizens over the bodies of fallen soldiers as they charge into battle during the July Revolution of 1830 in Paris. The painting perfectly captured the revolutionary spirit of the time, and it has since become a symbol of freedom, democracy, and popular revolution around the world.

Question 15

An example of Italian nationalism can be found in the Rossini opera:

Accepted Answer

William Tell is a prime example of Italian nationalism in opera as it tells the story of the Swiss struggle for independence from Austrian rule, a theme that spoke to Italian nationalist sentiments during the Risorgimento movement. Additionally, the famous overture to the opera includes the iconic "William Tell Overture," which has become synonymous with Italian patriotism and identity.

Question 16

A well-known female French writer of the Romantic Age was:

Accepted Answer

Germaine de Staël was a prominent female writer during the Romantic Age and is known for her works on politics, philosophy, and literature. She was a leading figure in French intellectual circles and also had a significant influence on the development of Romanticism in Europe.

Question 17

Which of the following philosophers is often considered to be a precursor to the Romantic Movement?

Accepted Answer

Jean-Jacques Rousseau is often considered to be a precursor to the Romantic Movement. His emphasis on individual freedom, emotion, and nature as a source of inspiration had a significant influence on the Romantic poets and artists who followed.

Question 18

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe influenced the Romantics greatly through his first popular novel:

Accepted Answer

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's first popular novel, "The Passions of Young Werther," had a significant impact on the Romantic movement. The novel explored themes of individualism, emotion, and the pursuit of personal freedom, which were important values in Romanticism. The novel also popularized the literary trope of the "Byronic hero" who is passionate, emotional, and rebellious, which became an archetype in Romantic literature.

Question 19

In general,the Romantics would be likely to argue that:

Accepted Answer

The Romantics valued emotion, spontaneity, and the subjective experience over the rationalism and order that characterized the Enlightenment and the philosophes. They believed that reason alone was insufficient for understanding the full spectrum of human experience.

Question 20

The revolutions of 1830 and the subsequent reforms that were implemented were ultimately caused by the:

Accepted Answer

The Congress of Vienna, held in 1815, established a conservative political order in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. This order was based on the principles of legitimacy and balance of power, which meant supporting dynastic rulers and maintaining the territorial status quo. However, this order began to unravel in the 1820s and 1830s due to economic hardship, political repression, and nationalist aspirations. The revolutions of 1830, which occurred in France, Belgium, and Poland, were sparked by popular opposition to authoritarian regimes and demands for constitutional government. These revolutions led to significant reforms and concessions, such as expanded suffrage, freedom of the press, and the formation of parliamentary governments. Thus, the Congress of Vienna's attempt to maintain the conservative political order ultimately resulted in its downfall.

Quiz 20: The Age of Ideologies: Europe in the Aftermath of Revolution 1815-1848