Question 1

In some parts of the world, language is itself thought of as a social institution, often with political importance. Which country best exemplifies this statement?
A) Australia
B) United States
C) France
D) Mexico
E) Switzerland

Accepted Answer

France exemplifies this statement as it has a long history of treating language as a key component of national identity and social cohesion, with policies aimed at preserving the French language and its status both domestically and internationally. The Académie Française, established in 1635, is tasked with maintaining the French language, illustrating the country's institutional commitment to its language.

Question 2

The measure of the differences between language is known as linguistic
A) origin.
B) distance.
C) recency.
D) lining.
E) rule.

Accepted Answer

Linguistic distance refers to the measure of difference between languages, which can include differences in syntax, phonology, lexicon, and grammar.

Question 3

A culture with a low ________ score is likely to have greater respect for equality.
A) Power Distance Index
B) Individualism/Collectivism Index
C) Distance from English Index
D) Uncertainty Avoidance Index
E) Masculinity/Femininity Index

Accepted Answer

A low Power Distance Index (PDI) indicates a society that does not emphasize hierarchical differences and where power is distributed more equally, leading to greater respect for equality.

Question 4

Additional studies based on Geert Hofstede's original study of how cultures differ identified the fifth dimension known as
A) Power Distance Index.
B) Uncertainty Avoidance orientation.
C) Long-term Orientation.
D) Masculinity/Femininity Index.
E) Individualism/Collectivism orientation.

Accepted Answer

Hofstede's original study identified four dimensions of cultural differences: Power Distance Index, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, Masculinity/Femininity Index, and Individualism/Collectivism. The fifth dimension, Long-term Orientation, was added later based on further research, particularly from a study involving a survey developed with Chinese employees and managers.

Question 5

Selena works for a U.S.-based manufacturing company that wants to build a plant in Indonesia. Selena is concerned about the language barriers because she knows more than 300 languages are spoken throughout Indonesia. What is Selena's main concern?
A) ethnocentrism
B) linguistic distance
C) power distance.
D) aesthetics
E) individualism

Accepted Answer

Selena's main concern is linguistic distance, which refers to the challenge and potential communication barriers arising from the differences between the languages spoken in her home country (presumably where English is the primary language) and the multiple languages spoken in Indonesia. This can affect business operations, negotiations, and daily interactions.

Question 6

Which of the dimensions identified by Hofstede in his study of how cultures differ refers to the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses?
A) Long-term Orientation
B) Uncertainty Avoidance Index
C) Accommodation
D) Self-actualization
E) Indulgence

Accepted Answer

Indulgence versus restraint is the dimension identified by Hofstede that refers to the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses, with indulgence representing societies that allow relatively free gratification and restraint representing societies that suppress gratification of needs and regulate it by means of strict social norms.

Question 7

The aesthetics of a culture are found in
A) the arts, music, dance, and dress.
B) the acceptance of power by certain individuals.
C) the level of education in a country.
D) the agreement between those in power and those who serve.
E) the language specific to that culture.

Accepted Answer

The aesthetics of a culture are primarily expressed through its arts, music, dance, and dress, which are tangible representations of cultural values and beauty.

Question 8

In a culture with a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), you are more likely to find that members
A) are highly tolerant of ambiguity.
B) tend to have a low level of anxiety.
C) have a low level of concern with security and rule following.
D) take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge.
E) seek absolute truth.

Accepted Answer

In cultures with a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI), members tend to seek absolute truth as they are less comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty. This leads them to prefer clear rules and structures to manage the unpredictability of life.

Question 9

Kendall works at a refugee camp in Haiti. She witnesses high levels of anxiety and stress and knows that everyone is concerned with security and rule following. Which aspect of Hofstede's dimensions does this reflect?
A) Power Distance Index
B) Individualism/Collectivism Index
C) Distance from English Index
D) Uncertainty Avoidance Index
E) Masculinity/Femininity Index

Accepted Answer

The high levels of anxiety and stress, along with a concern for security and rule-following, reflect the Uncertainty Avoidance Index in Hofstede's dimensions. This dimension measures how much members of a society try to avoid uncertainty and ambiguity, often through strict rules and regulations.

Question 10

Unlike investors in Japan, many investors in the United States are willing to take the risk of a stock market investment. Which cultural dimension does this reflect?
A) Uncertainty Avoidance Index
B) Masculinity/Femininity Index
C) Power Distance Index
D) Individualism/Collectivism Index
E) Indulgence Index

Accepted Answer

The willingness to take risks in stock market investments reflects the Uncertainty Avoidance Index. This dimension measures how much members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations. A lower score indicates a greater willingness to take risks, which is more characteristic of the United States compared to Japan, where there is a higher uncertainty avoidance.

Question 11

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ________ among members of a society.
A) inequality
B) subjugation
C) ambiguity
D) oppression
E) hierarchy

Accepted Answer

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity among members of a society, indicating how comfortable the population is with uncertainty and unknown situations.

Question 12

Rituals are patterns of behavior and interaction that are
A) learned and repeated.
B) scientifically proven.
C) enforced by governments.
D) the same across all cultures.
E) universally accepted as proper behavior.

Accepted Answer

Rituals are learned behaviors that are repeated in various situations, often passed down through generations or taught within cultural or social groups. They are not necessarily scientifically proven, enforced by governments, the same across all cultures, or universally accepted, which makes the other options incorrect.

Question 13

In the context of cultural values, which statements is true?
A) Countries that are high in individualism and low in uncertainty avoidance tend to be more innovative.
B) Diffusion of innovations will be fast in countries that are low on individualism and high on uncertainty avoidance.
C) Based on the experiments done with American and Chinese students, individualistic cultures tend to respond more favorably to self-focused appeals.
D) Based on the experiments done with American and Chinese students, emotional appeals tend to attract people from collectivistic cultures.
E) Based on the experiments done with American and Chinese students, individuals dislike the novelty in relation to their own cultures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of cultural values, which...

Question 14

Mae-Jun works at an overseas branch of her organization. She needs clarification about a project and approaches a senior manager hoping to get a good explanation. However, she is told that only the team leads are allowed to approach the senior managers and sent away. In this scenario, the organization is most likely to have a ________ score.
A) high Individualism/Collective Index
B) high Power Distance Index
C) low Individualism/Collective Index
D) low Power Distance Index
E) high Uncertainty Avoidance Index

Accepted Answer

The scenario indicates a high Power Distance Index, as it shows a clear hierarchy where only certain positions (team leads) have the privilege to communicate directly with senior managers. This reflects a belief in and acceptance of power being distributed unequally within the organization.

Question 15

On the basis of Hofstede's four dimensions, cultures with high Power Distance Index (PDI) scores tend to
A) be secular.
B) be hierarchical.
C) be flat in organization.
D) value equality.
E) cite knowledge as a source of power.

Accepted Answer

Cultures with high Power Distance Index (PDI) scores are characterized by acceptance of a hierarchical order where everybody has a place without needing further justification, hence they tend to be hierarchical.

Question 16

In the context of cultural values, the ________ Index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest.
A) Individualism/Collectivism
B) Power Distance
C) Uncertainty Avoidance
D) Masculinity/Femininity
E) Linguistic

Accepted Answer

The Individualism/Collectivism Index reflects the degree to which a culture emphasizes individual achievement and autonomy (individualism) versus collective well-being and interdependence (collectivism). A preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest aligns with individualistic cultures.

Question 17

Cultures which are low in Uncertainty Avoidance Index are more likely to
A) seek absolute truth.
B) accord a high level of importance to rules as a means of avoiding risk.
C) be distrustful of new ideas or behaviors.
D) dogmatically stick to historically tested patterns of behavior.
E) take a more empirical approach to understanding and knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Cultures low in Uncertainty Avoidance Index are more open to change and innovation, and thus, they are more likely to adopt an empirical approach to understanding and knowledge, which involves observation, experimentation, and evidence-based conclusions rather than relying solely on historical or traditional methods.

Question 18

According to anthropologist Edward T. Hall, culture is
A) all-encompassing.
B) relatively minor in the scheme of life.
C) communication.
D) strongly linked to physiology.
E) standard throughout the world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to anthropologist Edward T. Hall, culture...

Question 19

People from which cultures are more likely to have a general distrust of others (not those in their groups) because power is seen to rest with individuals and is coercive rather than legitimate?
A) cultures with a high Individualism/Collective Index score
B) cultures with a high Power Distance Index score
C) cultures with a low Individualism/Collective Index score
D) cultures with a low Power Distance Index score
E) cultures with a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index score

Accepted Answer

Cultures with a high Power Distance Index score are more likely to have a general distrust of others not in their groups because in such cultures, power is often perceived as being distributed unequally and is seen as coercive rather than legitimate. This leads to a general distrust of those who are not considered part of one's in-group, as there is an expectation that those in power may abuse it.

Question 20

________ pertains to societies in which people from birth onward are integrated into strong, cohesive groups.
A) Power distance
B) Individualism
C) Uncertainty
D) Collectivism
E) Masculinity

Accepted Answer

Collectivism refers to a cultural orientation where individuals are integrated into cohesive in-groups from birth, emphasizing group goals over individual ones.

Quiz 4: Cultural Dynamics in Assessing Global Markets

In some parts of the world, language is itself thought of as a social institution, often with political importance. Which country best exemplifies this statement?

The measure of the differences between language is known as linguistic

A culture with a low ________ score is likely to have greater respect for equality.

Additional studies based on Geert Hofstede's original study of how cultures differ identified the fifth dimension known as

Selena works for a U.S.-based manufacturing company that wants to build a plant in Indonesia. Selena is concerned about the language barriers because she knows more than 300 languages are spoken throughout Indonesia. What is Selena's main concern?

Which of the dimensions identified by Hofstede in his study of how cultures differ refers to the extent to which people try to control their desires and impulses?

The aesthetics of a culture are found in

In a culture with a high Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) , you are more likely to find that members

Kendall works at a refugee camp in Haiti. She witnesses high levels of anxiety and stress and knows that everyone is concerned with security and rule following. Which aspect of Hofstede's dimensions does this reflect?

Unlike investors in Japan, many investors in the United States are willing to take the risk of a stock market investment. Which cultural dimension does this reflect?

The Uncertainty Avoidance Index measures the tolerance of uncertainty and ________ among members of a society.

Rituals are patterns of behavior and interaction that are

In the context of cultural values, which statements is true?

On the basis of Hofstede's four dimensions, cultures with high Power Distance Index (PDI) scores tend to

In the context of cultural values, the ________ Index refers to the preference for behavior that promotes one's self-interest.

Cultures which are low in Uncertainty Avoidance Index are more likely to

According to anthropologist Edward T. Hall, culture is

People from which cultures are more likely to have a general distrust of others (not those in their groups) because power is seen to rest with individuals and is coercive rather than legitimate?

________ pertains to societies in which people from birth onward are integrated into strong, cohesive groups.