Question 1

Jane and Cara often speak to each other about happenings at school, their weekend plans, or even something new they learned. Their friendship grew even more when Jane's parents separated and Cara was there to listen to Jane's fears about her parents' impending divorce. Cara then told her how her parents fought very often too and that she was fearful that her parents may opt for a divorce as well. The communication in their friendship is characterized by

Accepted Answer

The communication in Jane and Cara's friendship is characterized by intimacy as they talk about personal issues such as their parents' divorce and share their fears and concerns with each other. This level of emotional closeness and vulnerability is indicative of an intimate friendship.

Question 2

Ms. Johanssen likes to develop her lesson plans carefully and deviates from them as little as possible to ensure that all the material is covered. She insists that the class adhere to all the classroom rules and that students maximize their learning time. Ms. Johanssen is using the ________ approach to teaching.

Accepted Answer

Ms. Johanssen's emphasis on developing a detailed lesson plan and ensuring adherence to classroom rules and maximizing learning time are all characteristic of the direct instruction approach to teaching. This method is often used in traditional teacher-centered classrooms to guide students through a structured learning process.

Question 3

The "jigsaw classroom" was developed by Elliot Aronson to

Accepted Answer

The "jigsaw classroom" was developed specifically to improve relations among ethnically diverse students.

Question 4

Which approach is criticized (by adherents of a rival approach) for turning children into passive learners?

Accepted Answer

The direct instruction approach is often criticized by adherents of the constructivist and learner-centered approaches for turning children into passive learners. This is because direct instruction involves the teacher transmitting knowledge and students receiving and memorizing it, rather than actively constructing their own understanding through hands-on exploration and inquiry-based learning.

Question 5

The identification of objectives for students and the creation of tests to measure whether students were meeting those objectives at the national level was the basis for creation of

Accepted Answer

The No Child Left Behind Act focused on setting high standards and establishing measurable goals to improve individual outcomes in education. It required states to develop assessments in basic skills to be given to all students in certain grades, aiming to ensure that all students meet certain minimum competencies in reading, writing, and mathematics.

Question 6

Children who are lonely and have fewer mutual friendships and lower peer popularity are more likely to

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children who experience social isolation and have fewer positive social connections are at increased risk for engaging in negative behaviors such as cyberbullying.

Question 7

In Tina's classroom there is little or no collaboration with her fellow students and each day is highly structured and organized. Tina is likely being educated with the ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The given scenario suggests that Tina's classroom has a highly structured and organized approach with little or no collaboration with her peers. This type of approach aligns with the direct instruction method, which involves a teacher-centered approach that emphasizes teacher direction and control over the learning process, with students primarily receiving information and knowledge from the teacher. In contrast, constructivist approach emphasizes learners' active involvement in the learning process and collaboration with others to construct new knowledge, while child-centered approach emphasizes students' interests and needs, fostering their self-direction and exploration.

Question 8

Advocates of the direct instruction approach to teaching believe that students need to

Accepted Answer

Advocates of the direct instruction approach believe that students need to receive explicit and direct guidance in order to master the content of a discipline. This approach emphasizes teacher-led instruction and active practice, with students receiving clear explanations and feedback on their work. It is not focused on collaborative or discovery-based learning, nor does it prioritize critical or creative thinking skills over content mastery.

Question 9

Clarice teaches math to fourth- and fifth-graders. She does not believe in rote learning. She first teaches her class the basic principles and then helps children apply those to real-life scenarios. For instance, when teaching her students about the unitary method, she uses examples like packaged food to show them how to determine the price of a unit from the price of the whole package of items. Clarice is using the ________ approach to teaching.

Accepted Answer

Clarice is using a constructivist approach to teaching, which emphasizes active learning and problem-solving. She is helping her students make connections between the principles they are learning and real-life scenarios. This is in contrast to a direct instruction or teacher-centered approach, where the teacher presents information and the students memorize and regurgitate it.

Question 10

All of the following are likely outcomes of being bullied EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Being bullied can have severe emotional and mental health consequences, including suicidal thoughts and depression. Popularity is not a likely outcome of being bullied.

Question 11

Proponents of the constructivist approach believe that

Accepted Answer

Proponents of the constructivist approach believe that collaboration and actively engaging with material is essential to learning. They believe that children should work together to construct their own understanding of concepts through hands-on experiences and problem-solving activities. Play and recess are also considered important components of the learning process in this approach. Rote memorization and passive learning are not emphasized in the constructivist approach.

Question 12

Which approach is criticized (by adherents of a rival approach) for not giving enough attention to the content of a discipline?

Accepted Answer

The constructivist approach is criticized by proponents of more traditional, teacher-centered approaches for not giving enough attention to the content of a discipline. This criticism stems from the constructivist emphasis on learning through experience and discovery, which some argue may neglect the systematic teaching of discipline-specific knowledge.

Question 13

What aspect of development has been virtually ignored when focusing on the lives of children living in poverty?

Accepted Answer

While factors such as educational and academic development and financial status are often discussed when examining the lives of children living in poverty, the social and emotional functioning aspect of development is frequently ignored. This includes how poverty affects a child's relationships with peers and caregivers, as well as their mental health and overall well-being.

Question 14

Romello walks into his classroom and sees several children working together on an art project, several other students building a town out of Lego blocks, and another group about to go outside to observe butterflies. Romello's teacher favors the ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Romello walks into his classroom and sees...

Question 15

Suicidal ideation, depression, and suicide attempts are all associated with

Accepted Answer

Being bullied is associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation, depression, and suicide attempts. Studies have shown that bullying can have serious and long-lasting effects on mental health, particularly among children and adolescents.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the six major functions of friendship?

Accepted Answer

The six major functions of friendship are social comparison, emotional support, practical support, ego support, stimulation, and affectionate support. Coregulation is not one of the major functions of friendship.

Question 17

Advocates of the constructivist approach to teaching believe that students need to

Accepted Answer

Advocates of the constructivist approach believe that learning happens through actively engaging with ideas, asking questions, and solving problems, which requires critical and creative thinking. Maximizing time on academic tasks and following instructions diligently may be important but are not the primary focus of constructivism. Mastery of content is still valued, but it is seen as part of a larger process of constructing knowledge rather than simply memorizing information.

Question 18

Intimacy in friendships is characterized by

Accepted Answer

Intimacy in friendships is characterized by self-disclosure and sharing private thoughts. This involves a level of vulnerability and trust between friends as they reveal personal information and feelings to one another. The other answer choices focus on different aspects of relationships but do not fully capture the defining features of intimacy in friendships.

Question 19

Kevin is a middle-school boy who routinely makes fun of other students and often uses physical aggression against other students. Compared to students who don't engage in this behavior, when Kevin reaches adolescence he is

Accepted Answer

Kevin's behavior of making fun of other students and using physical aggression is a red flag for future criminal behavior. Research has shown that individuals who engage in these types of behaviors during their childhood and adolescence are more likely to engage in criminal activities as they get older.

Question 20

Children of mothers with suboptimal mental health are more likely to

Accepted Answer

Children of mothers with suboptimal mental health are at a higher risk of developing behavioral issues, including becoming bullies, due to potential emotional and psychological challenges stemming from the home environment.

Quiz 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood