Question 1

Robert Sternberg's and Howard Gardner's theories of intelligence are similar in that both

Accepted Answer

Both Sternberg and Gardner propose that there are multiple types of intelligence. Sternberg suggested that there are three intelligences (analytical, creative, practical), while Gardner theorized that there are nine types of intelligence (linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential). Both theorists also believe that intelligence is not fixed and can develop and adapt over time.

Question 2

Who has suggested that there are eight different types of intelligences or "frames of mind"?

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner suggested that there are eight different types of intelligences or "frames of mind": linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.

Question 3

Which of the following questions requires divergent thinking?

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking involves generating multiple creative solutions or interpretations. The question "How do you interpret the book Moby Dick?" requires divergent thinking as there are multiple ways to interpret a book and different people may have different interpretations. The other questions are more straightforward and require convergent thinking, where there is only one correct answer.

Question 4

Which of the following terms refers to a technique in which individuals are encouraged to come up with creative ideas in a group, play off each other's ideas, and say practically whatever comes to mind?

Accepted Answer

Brainstorming is a technique in which individuals are encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible within a group setting. It involves the free-flowing sharing of ideas without criticism or judgment, allowing individuals to build off each other's suggestions and come up with more creative and innovative solutions.

Question 5

If a child's IQ is below 100, then his or her CA (chronological age) is ________ his or her MA (mental age).

Accepted Answer

An IQ score is calculated by dividing the individual's mental age (MA) by their chronological age (CA) and then multiplying by 100. If a child's IQ is below 100, it means their MA is less than their CA, implying that their CA is higher than their MA.

Question 6

According to Jacqueline and Martin Brooks, teachers can help cultivate critical thinking in their students by

Accepted Answer

Asking students to analyze, criticize, and create requires them to think critically about a topic or concept. This encourages them to think beyond the surface level and to develop deeper understandings of the material. Simply rehearsing topics or listing points they studied the previous day does not necessarily engage students in critical thinking. Asking them to describe concepts covered the previous day can also be helpful, but it does not necessarily require them to engage in critical thinking unless done in a way that challenges them to think deeply about the material.

Question 7

Interest in intelligence has often focused on individual differences and assessment. In this context, the term individual differences refers to

Accepted Answer

The term individual differences refers to stable, consistent differences between individuals. It is often used in the context of intelligence to describe variations in cognitive abilities among people. These differences are thought to reflect innate variations in intelligence, as well as differences in environmental experiences and opportunities. Understanding individual differences in intelligence has important implications for education, employment, and other areas of life where cognitive abilities are important.

Question 8

Miko is asked to come up with as many uses of a paper clip as possible. This exercise requires the use of

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking is the ability to come up with multiple ideas or solutions to a problem, which is exactly what Miko is doing when she is asked to come up with as many uses for a paper clip as possible. Memory strategies involve techniques for enhancing memory retention and recall, which is not relevant to this task. Reconstructive memory refers to the process of filling in missing information in memories based on prior knowledge, which is also not relevant. Schematic thinking involves using pre-existing mental models or frameworks to categorize and make sense of information, which is somewhat related to the task but not the primary focus.

Question 9

Which of the following individuals suggested that it is more appropriate to think of a child's intelligence as a combination of different forms than as a single, general ability?

Accepted Answer

Robert Sternberg proposed the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, which suggests that intelligence is made up of three forms: analytical, creative, and practical. This theory goes against the idea of a single, general intelligence measure.

Question 10

If a person's mental age is the same as his or her chronological age, then the person's IQ is ________.

Accepted Answer

If a person's mental age is the same as his or her chronological age, it means that they are performing at the level expected for their age group. By definition, an IQ score of 100 indicates average intelligence, which is exactly what we would expect for someone whose mental age matches their chronological age. Therefore, the answer is A (100).

Question 11

Amber was given a Stanford-Binet intelligence test. Her mental age was determined to be 27; her chronological age is 18. Amber's IQ is

Accepted Answer

To calculate Amber's IQ, we divide her mental age by her chronological age and then multiply by 100. So, IQ = (27/18) x 100 = 150. This score is well above average and indicates that Amber is highly intelligent.

Question 12

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, children with high analytical intelligence are most likely to do well in

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's theory, analytical intelligence involves analyzing and evaluating information and applying logical reasoning to solve problems. This type of intelligence is most often valued in conventional schooling, where students are expected to excel in standardized tests, academic assignments, and other types of analytical tasks. Therefore, children with high analytical intelligence are most likely to do well in conventional schooling.

Question 13

Maria regularly uses her common sense in dealing with the world and she has excellent social skills. But she performs poorly in the objective tests conducted by her school. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Maria exhibits ________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, practical intelligence involves being able to apply knowledge to real-world situations and adapt to new situations. This aligns with Maria's described characteristics of using common sense and having excellent social skills. Analytical intelligence, on the other hand, involves the ability to analyze and solve problems, while creative intelligence involves generating novel ideas and solutions. General intelligence refers to overall cognitive abilities that underlie all intellectual tasks.

Question 14

Metacognition is

Accepted Answer

Metacognition is the knowledge and awareness of one's own thought processes and cognitive abilities, including knowing about one's own learning and knowing about knowing. Options A, B, and D are not accurate representations of metacognition.

Question 15

Rita, who is in fifth grade, has just found out that her history exam is all fill-in-the-blank questions. She is discouraged because she knows that she does not usually do well on this type of exam. In recognizing this, Rita has engaged in a form of

Accepted Answer

Rita has engaged in metacognition, which is the ability to think about one's own thinking processes. She is recognizing her own strengths and weaknesses in relation to the exam format, which is an important aspect of metacognition.

Question 16

________ thinking produces one correct answer and characterizes the kind of thinking that is required on conventional tests of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Convergent thinking is characterized by the ability to come up with one correct answer or solution to a problem. This type of thinking is commonly assessed on standardized intelligence tests. Options A and D refer to forms of creative or innovative thinking, while option B is not a recognized type of thinking.

Question 17

Which of the following theories, proposed by Robert J. Sternberg, describes three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical?

Accepted Answer

The triarchic theory of intelligence, proposed by Robert J. Sternberg, describes three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.

Question 18

Dr. Ruiz is a theoretical physicist who is a renowned researcher, but she has difficulty figuring out how to turn on the air conditioner in her car. According to Robert Sternberg, Dr. Ruiz has

Accepted Answer

Dr. Ruiz's difficulty with turning on the air conditioner in her car suggests a low level of practical intelligence. However, her success as a renowned theoretical physicist indicates high analytical intelligence. Therefore, the best choice would be A) high analytical intelligence and low practical intelligence.

Question 19

Alfred Binet was asked by the French Ministry of Education in 1904 to design a

Accepted Answer

The French Ministry of Education asked Alfred Binet to design a test that would identify students who were unable to learn in school. This test eventually became known as the Binet-Simon Scale, which aimed to measure intelligence and identify students who needed special education assistance.

Question 20

Which of the following types of intelligence test yields several composite scores such as the Verbal Comprehension Index, the Working Memory Index, and the Processing Speed Index?

Accepted Answer

The Wechsler scales, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), yield several composite scores that assess different aspects of intelligence, including verbal comprehension, working memory, and processing speed. The Binet test assesses general intelligence but does not yield composite scores. The Myers-Briggs test is a personality test, not an intelligence test. The Rorschach inkblot test is a projective personality test and not an intelligence test.

Quiz 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood