Question 1

Sheila wants to have a baby. She drinks one to two drinks a day. She has vowed that as soon as she finds out she is pregnant she will stop drinking completely. Sheila does not realize that

Accepted Answer

Consumption of alcohol during the week of conception increases the risk of early pregnancy loss. Sheila should be aware that any amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause harm to the developing fetus, especially during the early stages of pregnancy. It is important for her to stop drinking as soon as she plans to conceive to reduce the risk of adverse effects on the baby.

Question 2

Frank smokes two packs of cigarettes a day. His wife, Lauren, is pregnant and the doctor is concerned that Frank's smoking will result in the baby

Accepted Answer

Smoking during pregnancy can lead to decreased oxygen and nutrient supply to the developing fetus, which can result in low birth weight. While smoking can also lead to other health complications for the baby, low birth weight is the most likely outcome given the information in the scenario.

Question 3

Learning and memory difficulties in later childhood are most closely linked to which teratogen?

Accepted Answer

Marijuana exposure during pregnancy is most closely linked to learning and memory difficulties in children later in life. Studies have shown that prenatal exposure to marijuana can affect brain development, leading to cognitive impairments and difficulties in attention, memory, and problem-solving skills.

Question 4

The greatest risk for prenatal defects exists when a mother contracts rubella

Accepted Answer

The greatest risk for prenatal defects exists when a mother contracts rubella in the third and fourth week of pregnancy when the fetal organs are developing.

Question 5

Nicole smoked marijuana while she was pregnant, As a result, her son, who is now 14 years old, is

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that mothers who smoke marijuana during pregnancy may increase the likelihood that their children will start smoking marijuana at an earlier age and more frequently than their peers. This means that Nicole's son is more likely to smoke marijuana due to his mother's marijuana use during pregnancy.

Question 6

Cigarette smoking by pregnant women has been associated with a higher incidence of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cigarette smoking by pregnant women has been...

Question 7

Preterm and low birth weights are most closely associated with which teratogen?

Accepted Answer

Nicotine is known to restrict blood flow to the uterus, which can lead to a decrease in oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus. This can result in preterm birth and low birth weight. Alcohol and aspirin can also have negative impacts on fetal development, but are not as closely linked to preterm or low birth weight. Tetracycline is known to affect tooth development in the fetus, but is not associated with preterm or low birth weight.

Question 8

The Rh factor can result in a risk to a child if

Accepted Answer

If the fetus's blood is Rh positive and the mother's is Rh negative, there is a risk of Rh incompatibility because the mother may develop antibodies against the Rh factor, which can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn in future pregnancies. This can lead to anemia, jaundice, and various other complications. If the mother is Rh positive and the fetus is Rh negative, there is no risk of Rh incompatibility as the mother will not produce antibodies against the Rh factor. The father's Rh factor is not relevant in determining the risk of Rh incompatibility.

Question 9

________ has been linked with high infant mortality, developmental and behavioral problems, and low birth weight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ has been linked with high infant...

Question 10

When a mother's blood type is Rh negative and the child's blood type is Rh positive,

Accepted Answer

When a mother's blood type is Rh negative and the child's blood type is Rh positive, there is a risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn, which can cause anemia, jaundice, and even brain damage in severe cases. In such cases, the baby may be given blood transfusions before or immediately after birth to prevent or treat these complications. Additionally, the mother may be given Rh immunoglobulin to prevent sensitization to Rh-positive blood in future pregnancies. Certain prescription drugs may also be prescribed, but their efficacy and safety may vary depending on the case. Breastfeeding is generally safe and recommended, as it does not increase the risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Question 11

Gina is pregnant and is a heavy smoker. Her baby is more likely to experience ________ than the baby of a nonsmoker.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that babies of mothers who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to experience Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Question 12

Jamie was born with facial deformities and defects of the limbs, face, and heart. Jamie is also below average in intelligence. Jamie's mother most likely consumed ________ during pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy, which can result in facial deformities, limb and heart defects and intellectual disabilities in the child. None of the other options listed have been linked to all of Jamie's symptoms.

Question 13

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (secondhand smoke) increases the risk of

Accepted Answer

Exposure to secondhand smoke has been linked to stillbirth and a weakening of the immune system. It has also been suggested to increase the risk of ADHD in children. Therefore, all of these options (A, B, and C) are correct.

Question 14

Children born to cocaine-using mothers are likely to

Accepted Answer

Children born to cocaine-using mothers are likely to have neurological and cognitive deficits. Cocaine can cross the placenta and affect the developing brain, leading to problems with attention, memory, and processing speed. Facial and limb deformities, heart defects, and sudden infant death syndrome may occur in infants exposed to other drugs or alcohol in utero, but are not specific to cocaine use.

Question 15

________ is a sexually transmitted infection, and it damages organs after they have formed.

Accepted Answer

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that can have serious long-term effects on the body if left untreated. It is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which can cause damage to organs such as the heart and brain even after they have formed. Rubella, eczema herpeticum, and pseudoangiomatosis are not sexually transmitted infections and do not typically damage organs in the same way as syphilis.

Question 16

According to your text, the risk of early pregnancy loss is elevated when

Accepted Answer

According to the text, the risk of early pregnancy loss is elevated when both men and women consume alcohol during the week of conception. B, C, and D are not mentioned as factors that increase the risk of early pregnancy loss.

Question 17

________, like cocaine, speeds up an individual's nervous system.

Accepted Answer

Methamphetamine is a stimulant drug that speeds up the central nervous system, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. Similar to cocaine, it can cause euphoria and heightened energy levels, but can also lead to addiction, aggression, and other harmful effects on the body. Heroin is an opioid drug that depresses the central nervous system, while marijuana has both sedative and psychoactive effects, and alcohol is a depressant that also affects cognitive and motor function.

Question 18

The use of methamphetamines during pregnancy has been linked to all the following birth defects EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Flattened cheekbones and thin upper lips are not typically associated with methamphetamine use during pregnancy; these features are more commonly linked to fetal alcohol syndrome. Methamphetamine use in pregnancy is associated with risks such as infant mortality, behavioral problems, and smaller head circumference.

Question 19

A cluster of abnormalities that appear in a newborn and include facial and limb deformities and defects of the limbs, face, and heart, and also often include neurocognitive difficulties and learning problems, are known as

Accepted Answer

The cluster of abnormalities described in the question are characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Cocaine-induced and nicotine-induced syndromes are specific conditions caused by exposure to those particular drugs in utero, while drug-induced fetal disorders is a more general term that encompasses all possible outcomes of prenatal drug exposure.

Question 20

Which drug is used to try to minimize or counter the effects of heroin on prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Methadone is commonly used to treat opioid addiction, including addiction to heroin. Methadone has a long half-life and can help to minimize withdrawal symptoms and reduce the risk of relapse. It is sometimes used during pregnancy to minimize the effects of heroin on prenatal development. However, it is important for pregnant women to work closely with their healthcare provider to determine the safest and most effective course of treatment for opioid addiction during pregnancy.

Quiz 3: Prenatal Development