Question 1

The psychological theory that focuses on cognitive processes at work in assessing validity of information perceived is referred to as:
A) Jungian psychology.
B) Social learning theory.
C) General attribution theory.
D) None of the above.

Accepted Answer

General attribution theory focuses on how individuals interpret events and how this relates to their thinking and behavior, which involves assessing the validity of information perceived.

Question 2

In selecting or assessing the cause or reason for a message, or making an attribution, we assess which of the factors below according to attribution theory?
A) Truth, veracity, and reputation of the sender.
B) Consensus, consistency, and demeanor.
C) Culture, consensus, and consistency.
D) Consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness.

Accepted Answer

Attribution theory suggests that we make attributions based on three key factors: consensus (if others behave the same way in similar situations), consistency (if the person behaves this way in similar situations over time), and distinctiveness (if the person behaves differently in different situations). These factors help us determine whether we attribute someone's behavior to their personal characteristics or to the situation.

Question 3

Which of the following would lead one to make an external attribution?
A) High consensus and high consistency.
B) High consistency alone.
C) High consistency, low consensus, high distinctiveness.
D) High consistency, low consensus, low distinctiveness.

Accepted Answer

A,C

Question 4

Which of the following affect one's perception?
A) Culture.
B) Personality.
C) Our beliefs.
D) All of the above.

Accepted Answer

All of the above factors - culture, personality, and our beliefs - significantly influence how we perceive the world around us. Culture shapes our values and norms, personality affects our individual differences in perception, and our beliefs guide our interpretation of information.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are consistent with general attribution theory?
A) People do not care about the reasons for words or behavior.
B) People seek validity in messages in order to form valid attitudes.
C) People tend to place more validity on messages that are motivated solely by the personality or personal agenda of the person sending the message.
D) The cognitive process of evaluating messages may be quite unconscious and automatic.

Accepted Answer

People seek validity in messages to form valid attitudes, and the cognitive process of evaluating messages can be unconscious and automatic, aligning with attribution theory.

Question 6

The phenomenon of attributing cause of others' messages and behaviors to internal sources while attributing the cause of our own negative messages or behaviors to external causes is referred to as:
A) Symbolic interactionism.
B) Social judgment theory.
C) The self-serving bias.
D) Machiavellianism.

Accepted Answer

The self-serving bias is a cognitive bias that leads individuals to attribute their successes to internal factors (like their own abilities or effort) and their failures to external factors (like luck or the actions of others). This phenomenon explains why people might attribute the cause of others' behaviors to internal sources while explaining away their own negative behaviors with external causes.

Question 7

An introverted attitude and an intuiting preference impact perception in which of the following ways?
A) An introverted attitude seeks concrete and external matters.
B) An extroverted attitude seeks concrete and external matters.
C) An extrovert and sensor seek to build pragmatic frameworks.
D) An introvert and intuitor seek to build conceptual frameworks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An introverted attitude and an intuiting preference...

Question 8

One's preference for extroversion or introversion affects perception; because,
A) Extroverts are usually also sensors.
B) Extroverts ask more questions that help them perceive accurately.
C) Extroversion and introversion may be considered as the framework for an individual's cognitive structures.
D) Extroversion and introversion may be considered attitudes toward the world.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One's preference for extroversion or introversion affects...

Question 9

Which statement or statements below describe the fundamental attributional error?
A) We tend to ignore external causes in attributing motives to others.
B) We tend to attribute facets of the circumstances or situation to personal characteristics of the other person.
C) We judge ourselves more kindly than we judge others.
D) The fundamental attributional error may exemplify itself in our negative assessment of another or negative attitude toward another.

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error involves overemphasizing personal characteristics and underemphasizing situational factors when explaining others' behavior. This means we often attribute others' actions to their personality or disposition rather than considering external circumstances (A and B). It can lead to negative judgments or attitudes towards others if we attribute their actions to negative personal traits rather than situational factors (D).

Question 10

All of the statements below are true, except:
A) We use cognitive structures to assign meaning to our existence.
B) We attribute psychological processes to other human beings.
C) We presume that others perceive very differently than we do.
D) We infer attitudes and intentions to others.

Accepted Answer

C is incorrect because, generally, humans tend to assume that others perceive the world similarly to how they do, a phenomenon known as the false-consensus effect.

Quiz 19: Using Your Personal Negotiating Power

The psychological theory that focuses on cognitive processes at work in assessing validity of information perceived is referred to as:

In selecting or assessing the cause or reason for a message, or making an attribution, we assess which of the factors below according to attribution theory?

Which of the following would lead one to make an external attribution?

Which of the following affect one's perception?

Which of the following statements are consistent with general attribution theory?

The phenomenon of attributing cause of others' messages and behaviors to internal sources while attributing the cause of our own negative messages or behaviors to external causes is referred to as:

An introverted attitude and an intuiting preference impact perception in which of the following ways?

One's preference for extroversion or introversion affects perception; because,

Which statement or statements below describe the fundamental attributional error?

All of the statements below are true, except: