Question 1

Surgeons often use segments of the ________ as a bypass vessel during coronary bypass surgery.

Accepted Answer

The great saphenous vein is often used as a bypass vessel during coronary bypass surgery due to its accessibility, large diameter, and low risk of complications.

Question 2

The strong pulse that is felt by pressing gently along either side of the trachea usually indicates the location of the

Accepted Answer

The external carotid artery is the main vessel that supplies blood to the face, neck, and scalp, and its location is indicated by the strong pulse felt on either side of the trachea. The internal carotid artery is deeper in the neck and does not produce a strong pulse that can be felt. The vertebral artery is located in the back of the neck and cannot be felt by pressing along the trachea. The vertebral vein and cephalic vein are also not located near the trachea.

Question 3

At the ankle, the anterior tibial artery becomes the ________ artery.

Accepted Answer

The anterior tibial artery travels down the anterior compartment of the leg and passes through the gap between the ankle bones. Once it reaches the top of the foot, it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.

Question 4

The protruding bellies associated with malnourished children are due to edema in the abdominal cavity, which is particularly distensible. Explain the connection between malnourishment and such an edema.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The protruding bellies associated with malnourished children...

Question 5

Vertebral veins

Accepted Answer

Vertebral veins drain the posterior surface of the skull and descend within the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae.

Question 6

Which of the following is a remnant of a short, muscular blood vessel that existed in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the ductus arteriosus, which is a short muscular blood vessel that shunted blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetus to bypass the non-functioning lungs. After birth, the ductus arteriosus closes and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.

Question 7

On their way toward the liver, veins from the spleen, the lateral border of the stomach, and the pancreas fuse with the inferior mesenteric veins, forming the

Accepted Answer

The veins from the spleen, lateral border of the stomach, and pancreas all drain into the splenic vein, which then fuses with the inferior mesenteric vein to form the splenoportal vein. This vein carries blood from these organs to the liver. Therefore, the correct choice is B) splenic vein.

Question 8

In a fetus, blood from the right atrium can flow freely to the left atrium through the ________, thus bypassing the pulmonary circuit.

Accepted Answer

The foramen ovale is a hole between the right and left atria in the fetal heart. It allows blood to bypass the non-functional pulmonary circuit and flow directly from the right atrium to the left atrium. After birth, when oxygen is supplied through the lungs and the pulmonary circuit becomes functional, the foramen ovale typically closes and becomes the fossa ovalis.

Question 9

The ________ is the vessel from which venous blood samples are typically collected.

Accepted Answer

The median cubital vein is the most common site for venipuncture, as it is easy to locate and tends to be less sensitive than other veins in the area. The basilic vein is also commonly used but may be more difficult to access. The brachial, radial, and ulnar veins are typically not used for routine venous blood draws.

Question 10

The internal iliac artery supplies the

Accepted Answer

The internal iliac artery primarily supplies the smaller arteries of the pelvis, including the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum. The lower limb is mainly supplied by the femoral artery and its branches. The spinal cord and abdominal wall are supplied by the intercostal, lumbar, and mesenteric arteries. The adrenal glands are supplied by the superior and inferior adrenal arteries, which arise from the phrenic and renal arteries, respectively. The kidneys are supplied by the renal arteries.

Question 11

The palmar venous arches drain into the ________, which is superficial and runs along the medial upper limb.

Accepted Answer

The basilic vein is superficial and runs along the medial upper limb. It receives blood from the palmar venous arches.

Question 12

Considering the arterial supply to the brain, the basilar artery immediately gives rise to the ________ arteries.

Accepted Answer

The basilar artery gives rise to the posterior cerebral arteries.

Question 13

Which age-related change is defined as the formation of a stationary blood clot?

Accepted Answer

A thrombus is a stationary blood clot that forms in a blood vessel, which can obstruct blood flow and cause tissue damage. Thrombus formation is more common in older adults due to age-related changes in blood vessel walls and platelet function.

Question 14

Regarding the placental blood supply, blood that bypasses the liver capillaries reaches the inferior vena cava within the

Accepted Answer

Blood that bypasses the liver capillaries flows through the ductus venosus and empties directly into the inferior vena cava.

Question 15

Supply the name of the missing vein in this sequence: axillary vein, subclavian vein,

Accepted Answer

The axillary vein drains into the subclavian vein, which then joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein. Therefore, the missing vein in this sequence is the brachiocephalic vein.

Question 16

The distribution of arteries and veins on the left and right sides of the body is usually identical. One notable exception is the ________ vein.

Accepted Answer

The azygous vein is a single vein that drains the thoracic region of the body and runs alongside the vertebral column on the right side, but has no matching vein on the left side. Therefore, the distribution of this vein is not identical on both sides of the body.

Question 17

Most of the blood leaving the brain passes through one of the dural sinuses and leaves the skull in one of the ________, descending parallel to the common carotid artery in the neck.

Accepted Answer

Most of the blood leaving the brain passes through the dural sinuses and then drains into the internal jugular veins, which descend parallel to the common carotid artery in the neck.

Question 18

Emanating from the descending thoracic aorta, the vessels that supply blood to the vertebral column area and the body wall are called the

Accepted Answer

The intercostal arteries arise from the descending thoracic aorta and supply blood to the vertebral column area and the body wall. The superior mesenteric arteries supply blood to the intestines, the inferior mesenteric arteries supply blood to the rectum and colon, the vertebral arteries supply blood to the brainstem and cerebellum, and the basilar artery is formed by the fusion of the two vertebral arteries and supplies blood to the brainstem and cerebellum as well.

Question 19

Which of the following is a short-circuit that exists between the pulmonary and aortic trunks in the fetus?

Accepted Answer

The short-circuit that exists between the pulmonary and aortic trunks in the fetus is the ductus arteriosus. It allows blood to bypass the non-functional fetal lungs by connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta. After birth, it closes and becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.

Question 20

The phrenic arteries

Accepted Answer

The phrenic arteries deliver blood to the diaphragm.

Quiz 13: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation