Question 1

Dividing events into a dichotomy of either all bad or all good is an example of which cognitive distortion found in depressed people?

Accepted Answer

Dividing events into an all-or-none dichotomy of either all bad or all good is a common example of all-or-none thinking, which is a cognitive distortion frequently found in depressed individuals. The other answer choices - arbitrary inference, selective abstraction, negative bias, and overgeneralization - do not directly apply to the given scenario.

Question 2

Nearly ___________ percent of people with major depression have suffered at least one severe loss event prior to onset of their depression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nearly ___________ percent of people with major...

Question 3

Beck's greatest insight with regard to depression is that

Accepted Answer

Beck's greatest insight with regard to depression is that one's emotional response to a situation is determined by one's appraisal and evaluation. This means that it is not the situation itself that causes depression, but rather the individual's thoughts and interpretations of the situation. Beck believed that individuals with depression have a negative bias in their thinking and tend to interpret situations in a negative way, leading to feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. By changing these negative thought patterns, individuals can improve their emotional response to stressful situations and reduce their risk of depression.

Question 4

Psychodynamic theorists no longer relate depression to unmet needs during the oral stage of development but do still emphasize the ___________ relationship and evidence that it confers increased risk for depression.

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic theorists still emphasize the parent-child relationship as a significant factor that confers increased risk for depression. While the oral stage of development is no longer seen as directly related to depression, the parent-child relationship during childhood can impact an individual's emotional development and resilience, potentially affecting their vulnerability to depression. The question does not provide enough information to indicate a specific gendered dynamic, so choices C, D, and E can be ruled out. Additionally, the term "primary" is too vague to provide a clear answer.

Question 5

Regarding the etiology of mood disorders,research has demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

Current research suggests that there is no single cause for mood disorders, rather a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. While stressful life events and certain personality traits may increase the risk for mood disorders, they are not singular causes. Similarly, while bad romantic relationships may contribute to mood disorders, they are not a universal cause. Multiple genes have also been implicated in the development of mood disorders, but genetic factors alone do not seem to be sufficient.

Question 6

In Beck's model of depression,the diathesis is

Accepted Answer

In Beck's model of depression, the diathesis is a negative cognitive schema. This refers to a pattern of negative thoughts and beliefs about oneself, the world, and the future, which can increase the likelihood of experiencing depression in response to stressful life events. While genetics, brain dysfunction, and neurotransmitter imbalances may also contribute to depression, they are not considered the diathesis in Beck's model.

Question 7

Clara moves very quickly in and out of depressive and manic episodes,commonly having 5 or more episodes of mania and depression in one year.Of the following disorders,which is Clara most likely suffering from?

Accepted Answer

Clara is exhibiting rapid cycling, which is defined as having four or more episodes of manic or depressive symptoms within a year. Therefore, she is most likely suffering from rapid cycling bipolar disorder.

Question 8

The prevalence of seasonal affective disorder is greater where there

Accepted Answer

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that is related to changes in seasons, with symptoms typically occurring during the fall and winter months when there is less sunlight. Therefore, areas with more seasonal variation in hours of sunlight are more likely to have a higher prevalence of SAD.

Question 9

A strong family link is especially evident in the development of

Accepted Answer

The answer of A strong family link is especially evident...

Question 10

Canadian personality theorists Sidney Blatt and David Zuroff discussed two personality patterns: _____ and ____ which have been shown to be predictors of depression in the face of stress.

Accepted Answer

Blatt and Zuroff identified two personality patterns that are predictors of depression in the face of stress, which are dependency and self-criticism. Option B refers to the personality dimensions that are associated with Type A behavior, which is characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and hostility. Options C, D, and E are not the personality patterns discussed by Blatt and Zuroff.

Question 11

The hormone ___________,secreted by the pineal gland,has been implicated in seasonal affective disorder.

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is the hormone secreted by the pineal gland which has been found to be implicated in seasonal affective disorder. Melatonin levels are higher in darkness and lower in light, and disruptions in these levels have been linked to SAD.

Question 12

Research findings that depressed individuals actually contribute to the occurrence of interpersonal conflict through maladaptive interpersonal behaviors supports the

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research findings that depressed individuals actually contribute...

Question 13

Along with a 4 percent infanticide rate,postpartum psychosis has a ____ percent suicide rate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Along with a 4 percent infanticide rate,postpartum...

Question 14

As a form of treatment,Joanne receives phototherapy,in which she sits in front of a light box for a few hours a day every morning.Judging from this treatment,Joanne most likely suffers from

Accepted Answer

Phototherapy, also known as light therapy, is a common treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of depression that usually occurs during the winter months. SAD is a form of unipolar depression, which is characterized by periods of low mood and a lack of interest in daily activities. Schizoaffective disorder and cyclothymia are not typically treated with phototherapy, and bipolar depression may require other forms of treatment in addition to or instead of phototherapy.

Question 15

Relative to those with other forms of bipolar disorder,people with the rapid cycling presentation of bipolar disorder

Accepted Answer

People with rapid cycling bipolar disorder have higher rates of disability and lower response to treatment compared to those with other forms of bipolar disorder. Rapid cycling is defined by at least four manic, hypomanic, or depressive episodes within a year. It is often associated with a poorer prognosis, including a higher risk of suicide, substance abuse, and comorbid psychiatric conditions. Treatment can be challenging, with many patients requiring multiple medications and therapy interventions.

Question 16

Beck referred to the negative thoughts depressed people often have about the future,the world and themselves as a

Accepted Answer

Beck referred to the negative thoughts depressed people often have about the future, the world, and themselves as a "distorted cognitive triad."

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of Beck's cognitive distortions?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback seeking is not one of Beck's cognitive distortions. The other four are: all-or-none thinking, overgeneralizations, magnification, and jumping to conclusions.

Question 18

Approximately ___________ percent of the 70 percent of new mothers who experience depression and mood swings after childbirth is diagnosed with mood disorder with postpartum onset.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately ___________ percent of the 70 percent...

Question 19

After an argument,Jane continues to ask her husband if he still loves her.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Jane's behavior of constantly seeking reassurance from her husband about his love for her is an example of excessive reassurance seeking. It is a common pattern in individuals with insecure attachment styles or low self-esteem, and can place an undue burden on their partner.

Question 20

Research suggests that the effect of a gene (HTT)

Accepted Answer

The HTT gene has been linked to increased reactivity to stress, but not directly causing depression or damage to specific brain regions. It is also not associated with lower levels of serotonin neurotransmitter.

Quiz 8: Mood Disorders and Suicide