Question 1

The questionnaire measure used to assess an individual's authoritarian personality is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

The questionnaire measure used to assess an individual's authoritarian personality is referred to as the F-scale or the "Fascism scale." This was developed by psychologist Theodor Adorno and his colleagues as part of their study on authoritarianism in the 1940s. The F-scale assesses an individual's attitudes towards authoritarianism, conformity, traditionalism, and aggression, among other traits.

Question 2

Those participants in Milgram's study who went to the very end of the shock meter were

Accepted Answer

Milgram's study found that those who administered the highest shocks were not substantially different in personality or background from those who refused, indicating that situational factors played a significant role in their obedience.

Question 3

Who of the following is most likely to obey in Milgram's study?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's study found higher obedience rates when the experiment was conducted at a prestigious location like Yale University and when the authority figure (experimenter) wore a lab coat, signifying authority.

Question 4

Milgram's research on obedience

Accepted Answer

Milgram's research on obedience has been controversial due to ethical concerns about the stress and deception experienced by participants.

Question 5

Meeks and Rainmaker's (1995)study of obedience

Accepted Answer

Meeks and Rainmaker's study was similar to Milgram's in that it explored obedience, but it was not an exact replication, indicating it was analogous but not identical.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of Milgram's obedience study?

Accepted Answer

In Milgram's obedience study, the experimenter informed participants that he was accountable for any consequences of the participant's actions. This was done to increase the perceived legitimacy of the authority figure and thus enhance the level of obedience.

Question 7

The original Milgram obedience study

Accepted Answer

The original Milgram obedience study has been followed up by a number of additional studies that have varied specific aspects of the research situation.

Question 8

The nature of Milgram's obedience research paradigm exploited which compliance-induction strategy?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's obedience research used the foot-in-the-door technique, where participants were gradually led to comply with increasingly severe demands, starting with smaller, more reasonable requests.

Question 9

What percentage of the participants in Milgram's study of destructive obedience demonstrated complete obedience______________to the experimenter?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 65% of participants in Stanley Milgram's study demonstrated complete obedience by administering the highest level of shock to the learner, despite ethical concerns.

Question 10

Meeks and Rainmaker's found that______________percent of the participants in their study were willing to deliver all 15 harassing remarks.

Accepted Answer

Meeks and Rainmaker's study found that 92 percent of the participants were willing to deliver all 15 harassing remarks.

Question 11

Research on obedience suggests that participation in the Holocaust was

Accepted Answer

Research on obedience, particularly the Milgram experiments, suggests that obedience to authority figures is largely driven by situational factors and can influence anyone similarly. This suggests that individuals who participated in the Holocaust were not necessarily uniquely predisposed to obedience, but were likely influenced by the situational factors and authority structures that existed at the time. Additionally, while there may be similarities between the dynamics of obedience in the Holocaust and in cults, the historical and cultural contexts of these situations are quite different.

Question 12

In Meeks and Rainmaker's study of obedience,the equivalent of Milgram's electrical shocks was

Accepted Answer

In Meeks and Rainmaker's study, the equivalent of Milgram's electrical shocks was delivering harassing remarks to a job candidate, as it involved participants following orders to engage in behavior that could cause psychological discomfort to another person.

Question 13

One factor that did not seem related to the amount of obedience exhibited in the Milgram obedience study was the

Accepted Answer

The Milgram obedience study found that the participant's sex did not significantly affect the level of obedience, whereas factors like the proximity of the learner, the location, and the presence of the experimenter did influence obedience levels.

Question 14

When Cheryl is with her supervisors,she obeys their decisions without question.But when she is with employees under her supervision,she is aggressive and demanding.Cheryl is likely to be described by social psychologists as having

Accepted Answer

Cheryl's behavior suggests that she has an authoritarian personality, which is characterized by a desire for control and a willingness to dominate others to achieve it. This includes being bossy and demanding with employees, but also accepting authority without question from those above her in the hierarchy.

Question 15

All of the following reduced the level of obedience in the Milgram experiment except

Accepted Answer

In the Milgram experiment, informing participants that the experimenter assumed responsibility for the learner's welfare did not reduce the level of obedience. This is because the authority figure's assumption of responsibility was part of the original setup, where obedience levels were already high. The other options (A, B, and D) were modifications that effectively reduced obedience by either diminishing the authority's perceived power, distancing the authority figure, or increasing the participant's empathy for the learner.

Question 16

Milgram's research on obedience is notable for having led some participants to believe that a helpless man in the next room had been rendered unconscious or even dead by a strong electric shock,marked "xxx" on a shock generator.What was the highest voltage that participants believed they could administer?

Accepted Answer

Milgram's research found that participants believed they could administer shocks up to 450 volts, despite the apparent distress of the person being shocked.

Question 17

Which of the following was not part of the procedure in Milgram's research on destructive obedience?

Accepted Answer

Participants were not ordered to give shocks to the teacher who was trying to complete the task. Instead, participants were always in the role of the teacher and they administered the shocks to the learner who was a confederate in the study.

Question 18

Which method(s)will help a person avoid being caught in a compliance trap?

Accepted Answer

Both vigilance and reciprocation wariness are necessary to avoid compliance traps, as vigilance helps in being aware of potential manipulative tactics, while reciprocation wariness prevents feeling obligated to comply due to perceived favors.

Question 19

The Milgram study demonstrated

Accepted Answer

The Milgram study showed that ordinary people could commit harmful acts when influenced by situational factors, such as the presence of an authority figure, rather than specific personality traits.

Question 20

Resistance to the requests of others can be encouraged by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Following the norm of reciprocity encourages compliance rather than resistance, as it involves returning favors or kindness, which can lead to agreeing with requests.

Quiz 7: Conformity