Question 1

A network of assumptions that people make about the relationships among traits and behaviors is called

Accepted Answer

Implicit personality theory refers to the assumptions people make about how different traits and behaviors are related, forming a network of beliefs about personality.

Question 2

Research has shown that the strength of first impressions is even greater for individuals who

Accepted Answer

Individuals who are high in need for closure have a strong motivation to reach quick conclusions and solidify their judgments, thus leading them to place even greater weight on first impressions.

Question 3

The desire to reduce cognitive ambiguity,which heightens the importance of first impressions,is called

Accepted Answer

The need for closure refers to an individual's desire to eliminate ambiguity and reach a quick conclusion, which makes first impressions particularly significant.

Question 4

Reena meets Rachael for the first time.Rachael is perceived as smart,funny,sociable,but rude.Although Reena perceived Rachael to have many positive qualities,her rudeness outweighed them,and Reena forms a negative impression of Rachael.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

The trait negativity bias refers to the tendency for negative traits to have a greater impact on our impressions of others than positive traits, which is why Rachael's rudeness outweighed her positive qualities in Reena's perception.

Question 5

One explanation for the primacy effect is that

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect suggests that information obtained earlier can shape the interpretation of later information, leading to altered perceptions that fit initial impressions.

Question 6

Ellen is at the mall doing some shopping when she runs into one of her closest friends,Vicki.Vicki is with a friend visiting from out of town and introduces that friend to Ellen.Research on impression formation suggests that

Accepted Answer

Ellen's affection for Vicki is likely to create a positive bias towards Vicki's friend due to the association with someone she already likes.

Question 7

The finding that people's initial impressions of someone affect their interpretation of subsequent information about that person is most consistent with the

Accepted Answer

The change-of-meaning hypothesis suggests that initial impressions can alter the interpretation of subsequent information, aligning with the idea that first impressions influence how later information is perceived.

Question 8

Implicit personality theories suggest that if we know Yael is an extrovert,we would

Accepted Answer

Implicit personality theories suggest that people associate certain traits with one another, and therefore, if we know Yael is an extrovert, we are likely to assume she also possesses other traits related to extroversion, such as being outgoing, talkative, and confident.

Question 9

Negative information about a target

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that negative information causes electrical activity in different areas of the brain compared to positive or neutral information. This suggests that negative information may have a stronger and more lasting impact on our perceptions and decisions.

Question 10

Social perceivers are most likely to agree in their judgments of which of the following traits?

Accepted Answer

Extroversion is often more observable and easier to judge accurately by social perceivers compared to other traits, leading to higher agreement in judgments.

Question 11

People most often and easily differentiate each other based on which dimension?

Accepted Answer

People most often and easily differentiate each other based on warmth or coldness.

Question 12

The primacy effect refers to the tendency for

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect is the tendency for information that is presented earlier to have a greater impact on impressions than information presented later.

Question 13

Imagine that you are grading the exams of two students,Michael and Fredo.They both get only half the questions correct.However,Michael gets most of his questions right on the first half of the test,whereas Fredo gets most of his questions right on the last half of the test.According to Asch's work on primacy effects in impression formation,you would be likely to conclude that

Accepted Answer

According to Asch's work on primacy effects, initial information has a stronger impact on impression formation. Since Michael performed better in the first half, he is likely perceived as smarter.

Question 14

People most often and easily differentiate each other based on which dimension?

Accepted Answer

The answer of People most often and easily differentiate each...

Question 15

A confirmation bias refers to people's tendency to

Accepted Answer

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

Question 16

Which trait would produce the most extreme impression of a target?

Accepted Answer

Cruelty is often perceived as a highly negative trait and can create a strong, extreme impression due to its association with harmful and malicious behavior.

Question 17

While watching a political debate on television,Martha,who describes herself as very conservative,is watching as the liberal candidate answers a question.When the candidate makes strong points that are backed up by logic,______________Martha rolls her eyes and doesn't say a word.When the candidate makes one minor error,Martha yells,"See I told you she doesn't know what she's talking about.All of those liberals are idiots!" Martha is demonstrating the

Accepted Answer

Martha is demonstrating confirmation bias, which is the tendency to only accept information that confirms one's existing beliefs and ignore or discredit anything that contradicts those beliefs. Martha ignores the strong points made by the liberal candidate and focuses only on one minor error in order to confirm her pre-existing belief that all liberals are idiots.

Question 18

Traits that suggest the presence of other traits and that exert a powerful influence on final impressions are called

Accepted Answer

Central traits are traits that suggest the presence of other traits and that exert a powerful influence on final impressions.

Question 19

The universal dimensions of social cognition are

Accepted Answer

The universal dimensions of social cognition are warmth and competence, as these dimensions are fundamental in how people perceive and evaluate others in social contexts.

Question 20

The trait negativity bias refers to the tendency for

Accepted Answer

Trait negativity bias is the tendency for negative information about a person's traits to have a greater impact on overall impressions than positive information.

Quiz 4: Perceiving Persons

A network of assumptions that people make about the relationships among traits and behaviors is called

Research has shown that the strength of first impressions is even greater for individuals who

The desire to reduce cognitive ambiguity,which heightens the importance of first impressions,is called

Reena meets Rachael for the first time.Rachael is perceived as smart,funny,sociable,but rude.Although Reena perceived Rachael to have many positive qualities,her rudeness outweighed them,and Reena forms a negative impression of Rachael.This illustrates

One explanation for the primacy effect is that

Ellen is at the mall doing some shopping when she runs into one of her closest friends,Vicki.Vicki is with a friend visiting from out of town and introduces that friend to Ellen.Research on impression formation suggests that

The finding that people's initial impressions of someone affect their interpretation of subsequent information about that person is most consistent with the

Implicit personality theories suggest that if we know Yael is an extrovert,we would

Negative information about a target

Social perceivers are most likely to agree in their judgments of which of the following traits?

People most often and easily differentiate each other based on which dimension?

The primacy effect refers to the tendency for

People most often and easily differentiate each other based on which dimension?

A confirmation bias refers to people's tendency to

Which trait would produce the most extreme impression of a target?

Traits that suggest the presence of other traits and that exert a powerful influence on final impressions are called

The universal dimensions of social cognition are

The trait negativity bias refers to the tendency for