Question 1

Compared to Freud, ego psychologists pay a good deal of attention to
A) conscious thought.
B) unconscious thought.
C) relationships with fathers.
D) the Big Five traits.

Accepted Answer

Ego psychologists focus more on the conscious aspects of the mind and the functioning of the ego in dealing with the demands of reality, in contrast to Freud's emphasis on the unconscious.

Question 2

According to Adler, social interest is
A) the tendency to observe other people in their natural environments.
B) his personal measure of sociability.
C) an interest in dominance.
D) the desire to relate productively to others.

Accepted Answer

Social interest, according to Adler, refers to an individual's attitude towards and concern for the community and society. It is characterized by a desire to cooperate and contribute positively to the welfare of others, rather than seeking personal dominance or merely observing social interactions.

Question 3

Javier commonly asserts his dominance to his peers by picking fights or showing off how much weight he can lift at the gym. What kind of overcompensating behavior is Javier displaying?
A) organ inferiority
B) masculine protest
C) inferiority complex
D) basic mistrust

Accepted Answer

Javier's behavior exemplifies "masculine protest," which is a concept from Adlerian psychology referring to an individual's attempt to assert their dominance or prove their masculinity by engaging in overtly masculine behaviors, such as physical aggression or demonstrating physical strength, as a way to compensate for feelings of inadequacy or inferiority.

Question 4

Though traditional psychoanalysis might focus on childhood conflicts, neo-Freudians expanded their focus to include
A) the eternal struggle between the id and superego.
B) how those childhood conflicts play out in current interpersonal relationships.
C) connecting the childhood conflicts to unconscious processes.
D) how those childhood conflicts stem from the psychosexual stages.

Accepted Answer

Neo-Freudians expanded the focus of psychoanalysis to include how childhood conflicts affect current interpersonal relationships, moving beyond just the analysis of those conflicts themselves or their origins in psychosexual stages.

Question 5

What is the animus?
A) a man's idealized conception of women
B) a woman's idealized conception of men
C) the idealized conception of a nonhuman animal
D) the idealized conception of humankind

Accepted Answer

The animus, in Jungian psychology, is a woman's inner masculine side or an archetype representing the male aspect of a woman's subconscious. It is the counterpart to the anima, which is a man's idealized conception of women.

Question 6

Most neo-Freudians differ from Freud in three major respects. Which of the following is NOT one of these differences?
A) They emphasize a more scientific approach than Freud did.
B) Sexuality is less emphasized by neo-Freudians.
C) Conscious processes are emphasized more by neo-Freudians.
D) They describe interpersonal relationships as the source of psychological health.

Accepted Answer

Neo-Freudians generally did not emphasize a more scientific approach than Freud; instead, they differed mainly in their views on sexuality, the importance of conscious processes, and the role of interpersonal relationships in psychological health.

Question 7

One difference between the neo-Freudians and Freud is that nearly all neo-Freudians
A) place more emphasis on early childhood development.
B) put more emphasis on interpersonal relationships.
C) adhere to evolutionary theory and emphasize the importance of sex as a motivator.
D) emphasize the importance of unconscious processes in the determination of behavior.

Accepted Answer

Neo-Freudians tend to diverge from Freud's theories by placing more emphasis on social and interpersonal relationships, rather than focusing primarily on the sexual motivations and the importance of early childhood, as Freud did.

Question 8

In general, neo-Freudians
A) are strict followers of Freudian ideas.
B) represent the majority of psychologists working in universities today.
C) use the same research methods Freud advocated.
D) rarely practice psychoanalysis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, neo-Freudians
A) are strict followers of...

Question 9

Modern psychoanalytic theory deviates from Freudian theory because it focuses less on ________ and more on ________.
A) sex; ego
B) adults; children
C) attachment; development
D) mothers; fathers

Accepted Answer

Modern psychoanalytic theory shifts focus from Freud's emphasis on sexual drives to a broader emphasis on ego psychology, which includes how individuals manage their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in the context of their environment.

Question 10

Jane feels inferior to the people around her, but she tries to act like she is powerful and in control. Adler would say that Jane is
A) experiencing the masculine protest.
B) expressing her animus.
C) developing a persona.
D) reacting to her social interest.

Accepted Answer

Adler's concept of the "masculine protest" refers to an individual's attempt to compensate for feelings of inferiority by demonstrating behaviors traditionally associated with power and dominance, which aligns with Jane's behavior of acting powerful and in control despite feeling inferior.

Question 11

Jared always felt that no one ever took him seriously because he was much shorter than everyone else growing up. Now, as an adult, he tries to dominate all situations and assert his opinion whenever he can. According to Adler, what would describe Jared's behavior?
A) organ inferiority
B) parapraxes
C) neurotic need
D) basic mistrust

Accepted Answer

Jared's behavior can be described as organ inferiority according to Adler. This concept refers to individuals trying to compensate for perceived physical or psychological deficiencies. Jared's attempt to dominate situations and assert his opinion can be seen as a compensation for his feelings of inferiority due to his height.

Question 12

Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with Adler?
A) feminine protest
B) inferiority complex
C) masculine protest
D) organ inferiority

Accepted Answer

"Feminine protest" is not a concept associated with Alfred Adler. Adler is known for his theories on the inferiority complex, masculine protest, and organ inferiority, which are all part of his psychological and therapeutic framework. "Feminine protest" was not a term or concept he developed; instead, his work focused on the idea of striving for superiority and the importance of social interest.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a reason why different people easily interpret many of Freud's theories in different ways?
A) Freud often changed his mind.
B) Freud's extensive writing allows for individuals to pick and choose different aspects on which to focus.
C) Neo-Freudians used the scientific method to test their interpretations.
D) Many of Freud's theories are vague enough that they can be reinterpreted.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theories themselves are often criticized for their lack of empirical evidence and scientific rigor, rather than the methods used by Neo-Freudians to test their interpretations. Neo-Freudians adapting and testing Freud's theories using the scientific method does not inherently lead to varied interpretations of Freud's original theories; it's more about the adaptions and expansions they made.

Question 14

In order for a person to develop an inferiority complex, he or she must
A) actually have some disability that makes him or her inferior to others.
B) have developed narcissistic tendencies as a child.
C) have feelings of inferiority as a child.
D) have a particularly strong superego.

Accepted Answer

An inferiority complex can develop from feelings of inferiority in childhood, not necessarily from actual disabilities, narcissistic tendencies, or a strong superego. These feelings can stem from various sources and may not always reflect actual inferiority but rather a perceived lack of worth or competence.

Question 15

Most neo-Freudians rely on information from ________ to test or verify their ideas.
A) controlled experiments
B) archival and field studies
C) Freud's original case descriptions
D) patient histories and introspection

Accepted Answer

Neo-Freudians often use patient histories and introspection to test or verify their ideas, building upon and diverging from Freud's original theories which were also heavily based on case studies and introspective methods.

Question 16

According to the text, what is unique about the criticism Freud's theories have faced, compared to other psychological theories that have also received criticism?
A) Criticism of Freud's theories tends to be mixed with personal criticisms toward Freud as a person.
B) Critics of Freud's theories often point out the lack of scientific evidence supporting them.
C) Freud's theories often contradict many modern-day psychological theories.
D) Criticism of Freud's theories is also directed toward neo-Freudians.

Accepted Answer

Freud's theories are unique in the criticism they receive because it often includes personal attacks on Freud himself, blending critiques of his professional theories with criticisms of his personal character.

Question 17

Adler felt that ________ was an important motivator of human thought and behavior.
A) the collective unconscious
B) animus
C) social interest
D) anxiety

Accepted Answer

Adler believed that social interest, or the feeling of belonging and contributing to the welfare of society, was a key motivator of human thought and behavior.

Question 18

Tom was a sickly child and always felt helpless. According to Adler, as an adult Tom will probably
A) be a complete invalid.
B) lose all interest in his social environment.
C) attempt to overcompensate.
D) become obsessed with his persona.

Accepted Answer

Adler's theory of individual psychology suggests that individuals who feel inferior or weak, especially during childhood, often strive to overcome these feelings through compensation or overcompensation. In Tom's case, his sickliness and feelings of helplessness might drive him to overcompensate as an adult, possibly by seeking to achieve significantly in areas where he felt most deficient.

Question 19

Why were many of the arguments between Freud and neo-Freudian Karl Jung never resolved?
A) The attacks between them became too personal.
B) There was conflicting scientific evidence between their theories.
C) Many of their theories were actually very similar to each other.
D) Evidence came from their personal experiences, which was impossible to prove.

Accepted Answer

Freud and Jung's theories were largely based on their personal experiences and subjective interpretations, making it difficult to empirically prove or disprove them, leading to unresolved arguments.

Question 20

According to Adler, adult behavior that stems from perceived childhood inferiorities is referred to as
A) personality.
B) style of life.
C) way of living.
D) developing a persona.

Accepted Answer

Adler referred to the unique way individuals adapt to or compensate for their perceived childhood inferiorities as their "style of life." This concept is central to his theory of individual psychology, emphasizing the uniqueness of each person's approach to life and problem-solving.

Quiz 11: Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research

Compared to Freud, ego psychologists pay a good deal of attention to

According to Adler, social interest is

Javier commonly asserts his dominance to his peers by picking fights or showing off how much weight he can lift at the gym. What kind of overcompensating behavior is Javier displaying?

Though traditional psychoanalysis might focus on childhood conflicts, neo-Freudians expanded their focus to include

What is the animus?

Most neo-Freudians differ from Freud in three major respects. Which of the following is NOT one of these differences?

One difference between the neo-Freudians and Freud is that nearly all neo-Freudians

In general, neo-Freudians

Modern psychoanalytic theory deviates from Freudian theory because it focuses less on and more on .

Jane feels inferior to the people around her, but she tries to act like she is powerful and in control. Adler would say that Jane is

Jared always felt that no one ever took him seriously because he was much shorter than everyone else growing up. Now, as an adult, he tries to dominate all situations and assert his opinion whenever he can. According to Adler, what would describe Jared's behavior?

Which of the following concepts is NOT associated with Adler?

Which of the following is NOT a reason why different people easily interpret many of Freud's theories in different ways?

In order for a person to develop an inferiority complex, he or she must

Most neo-Freudians rely on information from ________ to test or verify their ideas.

According to the text, what is unique about the criticism Freud's theories have faced, compared to other psychological theories that have also received criticism?

Adler felt that ________ was an important motivator of human thought and behavior.

Tom was a sickly child and always felt helpless. According to Adler, as an adult Tom will probably

Why were many of the arguments between Freud and neo-Freudian Karl Jung never resolved?

According to Adler, adult behavior that stems from perceived childhood inferiorities is referred to as