Question 1

Nearly all drugs that commonly produce addictions stimulate receptors in the hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

Not all drugs that commonly produce addiction stimulate receptors in the hippocampus. Some drugs, such as opioids and benzodiazepines, primarily affect other areas of the brain such as the amygdala and basal ganglia.

Question 2

On the average,antidepressant medications are more effective than the known types of psychotherapy in treating depression.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research has shown that both antidepressant medications and psychotherapy can be effective in treating depression, and the choice of treatment may depend on individual factors and preferences. Some studies have suggested that a combination of medication and therapy may be the most effective approach for some individuals.

Question 3

Schizophrenia has been found in all ethnic groups.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that schizophrenia occurs at similar rates across all ethnic groups.

Question 4

The process of addiction changes the organization of several brain areas,including areas involved in motivation and attention.

Accepted Answer

Addiction leads to changes in the brain's neural pathways, particularly in areas associated with motivation, reward, and decision-making. These changes can make it difficult for individuals to stop using a substance or engaging in a certain behavior, even if it has negative consequences.

Question 5

Some people who suffer from the seasonal affective disorder experience periods of depression during the summer months.

Accepted Answer

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is commonly associated with the winter months due to reduced sunlight, but it can also occur in the summer, leading to depression during warmer periods for some individuals.

Question 6

Panic disorder is more commonly diagnosed in men than in women.

Accepted Answer

Panic disorder is actually more commonly diagnosed in women than in men. Women are approximately twice as likely to be diagnosed with panic disorder compared to men.

Question 7

Avoidance learning offers one good explanation for why phobias are not ordinarily extinguished without treatment.

Accepted Answer

Avoidance learning occurs when people avoid the source of their fear or anxiety, which reinforces the phobia and makes it more difficult to overcome without treatment. This is why phobias may persist even when the person knows that their fear is irrational.

Question 8

Tina is constantly bothered by worries that others see as exaggerated.There are times that Tina finds herself worrying and she doesn't even know why.Tina has recently begun to take antidepressants,and they have improved her condition.Based on this information,the most appropriate diagnosis for Tina would be generalized anxiety disorder.

Accepted Answer

Tina's symptoms of constant worry, exaggerated concerns, and unexplained worries are common features of generalized anxiety disorder. The fact that antidepressants have improved her condition also suggests this diagnosis as antidepressants are often used to treat anxiety disorders.

Question 9

Alfred believes that his wife is trying to poison him so she can collect his life insurance.Alfred is experiencing a delusion of persecution.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alfred believes that his wife is trying...

Question 10

Tom has auditory hallucinations in which he hears voices saying,"cut yourself and die." This is an example of a positive symptom of schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Auditory hallucinations are a positive symptom of schizophrenia, and hearing voices that instruct self-harm or suicide is a specific example of this type of symptom.

Question 11

At this point in time,there is strong agreement among psychologists that alcoholism is a disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of At this point in time,there is strong...

Question 12

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is effective in treating depression because it helps people to forget depressing memories.

Accepted Answer

ECT works by electrically stimulating the brain, which can improve mood and relieve symptoms of depression. It does not erase memories or help people to forget depressing memories.

Question 13

People are not born with phobias.Therefore,there is no genetic predisposition for phobias.

Accepted Answer

While people are not born with specific phobias, there is evidence to suggest that a genetic predisposition for anxiety disorders, including phobias, can be inherited. This means that while the phobias themselves are not present at birth, the susceptibility to develop them can be passed down through families.

Question 14

Women are about twice as likely to suffer depression as men.The explanation for this difference that currently has received the strongest research support has to do with the hormonal differences between the sexes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Women are about twice as likely to...

Question 15

People diagnosed with schizophrenia typically have two or more personalities that alternate taking control of the body.

Accepted Answer

People diagnosed with schizophrenia do not have multiple personalities, also known as dissociative identity disorder. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by disordered thinking, delusions, hallucinations, and abnormal social behavior.

Question 16

Research has demonstrated that monkeys can learn to fear snakes by watching videotapes of other monkeys showing fear of snakes.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that monkeys can acquire a fear of snakes through observational learning. When exposed to videos of other monkeys reacting fearfully to snakes, the monkeys themselves become more fearful of snakes.

Question 17

Norbert suffers many negative symptoms of schizophrenia.Norbert is more likely to be given an atypical antipsychotic drug than a traditional antipsychotic.

Accepted Answer

Atypical antipsychotic drugs are more commonly prescribed for individuals with schizophrenia who experience negative symptoms, as they have been shown to be more effective in treating these symptoms than traditional antipsychotics.

Question 18

There is a stronger genetic basis for Type I alcoholism than there is for Type II alcoholism.

Accepted Answer

Type II alcoholism, also known as early-onset alcoholism, has a stronger genetic component and is more likely to run in families compared to Type I alcoholism, which is characterized by later onset and is less influenced by genetic factors.

Question 19

Rachel and Rhonda are identical twins,and they have each just broken off relationships with their boyfriends.Rachel feels guilty and sad about ending her relationship;Rhonda feels ending her relationship is probably a good decision.According to the research,Rachel and Rhonda are equally likely to develop depression following this same,negative life event.

Accepted Answer

Identical twins, like Rachel and Rhonda, share the same genetics but can have different responses to the same life events due to differences in their individual experiences, personalities, coping mechanisms, and perceptions of the event. Rhonda's positive outlook on the breakup could serve as a protective factor against depression, while Rachel's guilt and sadness might increase her risk.

Question 20

Most people with major depression experience sleep abnormalities such as awakening earlier than usual without being able to go back to sleep.

Accepted Answer

Sleep abnormalities are a common symptom of major depression, and early morning awakening is a common pattern where people wake up earlier than usual and have difficulty falling back asleep.

Quiz 16: Specific Disorders and Treatments