Question 1

A friend who has unipolar depression says, "I can't do anything right. Nobody will ever love me again." This statement reflects a(n):

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects a cognitive symptom because it involves negative thoughts and beliefs about oneself and the future, which are common in depression. Cognitive symptoms include patterns of negative thinking, pessimism, and cognitive distortions.

Question 2

To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, catatonic, an individual must display:

Accepted Answer

Catatonic features in a major depressive episode include motor immobility or excessive motor activity. These symptoms are part of the diagnostic criteria for a catatonic specifier, not the frequency of episodes, mood fluctuation, or postpartum onset.

Question 3

Which is NOT a type of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Posttraumatic is not classified as a type of major depressive disorder. Instead, it relates to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is a separate condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing traumatic events.

Question 4

Brody no longer enjoys his usual hobbies, talking to his friends, or even playing with his dog. In fact, Brody didn't even care when he learned that he was up for a promotion at work. This BEST describes someone with:

Accepted Answer

Anhedonia is the inability to feel pleasure in normally pleasurable activities, which is what Brody is experiencing according to the description.

Question 5

An example of a cognitive symptom of unipolar depression is:

Accepted Answer

Viewing the self as inadequate is a cognitive symptom of unipolar depression, as it reflects negatively biased thoughts and beliefs about oneself, which are common in depressive disorders. Cognitive symptoms involve negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future.

Question 6

A man diagnosed with unipolar depression exhibited his first diagnosable symptoms when he was about 40 years old. Among those experiencing unipolar depression, his case is:

Accepted Answer

Unipolar depression is more common in women, and the average age of onset is typically in early adulthood, making this case uncommon.

Question 7

To receive a diagnosis of major depressive episode, melancholic, an individual must display:

Accepted Answer

Melancholic depression is characterized by a loss of pleasure in most or all activities, a failure of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli, a quality of depressed mood more pronounced than that of grief or loss, a worsening of symptoms in the morning hours, early-morning waking, psychomotor retardation, excessive weight loss (not due to dieting), or excessive guilt. The key feature of melancholic depression that distinguishes it from other forms is the lack of response to what used to be pleasurable activities or events.

Question 8

Regarding the symptoms of depression, a motivational symptom like the lack of desire to get out of bed is different from its companion behavioral symptom, such as:

Accepted Answer

Motivational symptoms of depression, such as the lack of desire to get out of bed, are about the lack of motivation to engage in activities. The companion behavioral symptom, such as staying in bed all day (C), is the actual behavior that results from this lack of motivation.

Question 9

A person displaying sadness, lack of energy, headaches, and feelings of low self-worth is showing all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral symptoms typically refer to actions or behaviors that are observable, such as changes in activity level, eating or sleeping patterns, or withdrawal from social interactions. The symptoms listed (sadness, lack of energy, headaches, feelings of low self-worth) are more related to how a person feels internally (emotional, motivational, cognitive) rather than their external behaviors.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a physical symptom of depression?

Accepted Answer

Feeling sad and dejected is an emotional/psychological symptom of depression, not a physical one. The other options (A, B, C) are considered physical symptoms.

Question 11

To be classified as a major depressive episode, depression must last for at least:

Accepted Answer

A major depressive episode must last for at least two weeks to meet the diagnostic criteria according to the DSM-5.

Question 12

Since immediately after the birth of her son, Aubree has experienced a period of sadness that interferes with her ability to take care of him. She has never felt this way before, and this sadness has been going on for several weeks. With which type of major depression would Aubree MOST likely be diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

Aubree's symptoms of sadness that began immediately after the birth of her son and have interfered with her ability to care for him suggest a diagnosis of peripartum depression. This type of depression occurs during pregnancy or in the weeks or months after delivery (postpartum).

Question 13

What would be the most appropriate diagnosis for a person who experienced a major depressive episode, does not have any history of mania, and is either immobile or excessively active?

Accepted Answer

Catatonic depression is characterized by motor immobility or excessive activity, which aligns with the symptoms described. It is a subtype of major depressive disorder that includes these specific motor symptoms.

Question 14

Which disorder may be categorized as seasonal if it changes with the seasons?

Accepted Answer

Major depressive disorder can be categorized as seasonal, specifically known as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), when it occurs at specific times of the year, typically in the winter months.

Question 15

Frequent headaches, indigestion, and sleep disturbances are _____ symptoms of depression.

Accepted Answer

Depression can manifest not only through emotional or psychological symptoms but also through physical symptoms such as frequent headaches, indigestion, and sleep disturbances. These are recognized as somatic or physical signs of depression.

Question 16

The BEST example of a motivational symptom of unipolar depression is a:

Accepted Answer

Losing interest in activities that were once enjoyed, such as running, is a motivational symptom of unipolar depression, as it reflects a lack of drive or desire to engage in previously pleasurable activities.

Question 17

To receive a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder with dysthymic syndrome, an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least:

Accepted Answer

To receive a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), an individual must have experienced symptoms for at least two years (one year for children and adolescents).

Question 18

Juan is currently experiencing a period of sadness that has resulted in almost total immobility. He sits in a chair all day and almost never moves. His wife has to assist him in getting into bed at night. Which type of major depression would he MOST likely be diagnosed with?

Accepted Answer

Catatonic depression is characterized by motor immobility or stupor, which matches Juan's symptoms of almost total immobility and needing assistance for basic movements.

Question 19

An example of a behavioral symptom of depression is:

Accepted Answer

Staying in bed for hours during the day is a behavioral symptom of depression, indicating withdrawal and lack of motivation.

Question 20

A defining characteristic of melancholic depression is:

Accepted Answer

Anhedonia, or the inability to feel pleasure, is a defining characteristic of melancholic depression, distinguishing it from other types of depression by the profound loss of pleasure in all or almost all activities.

Quiz 7: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

A friend who has unipolar depression says, "I can't do anything right. Nobody will ever love me again." This statement reflects a(n) :