Question 1

Despite concerns regarding the use of methadone maintenance programs, those in favor of such programs commonly argue that they:

Accepted Answer

Methadone maintenance programs are often supported because they help reduce the spread of infectious diseases like HIV and hepatitis C by providing a safer alternative to needle sharing among opioid users.

Question 2

Research has shown that, compared with other cognitive-behavioral techniques, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for substance use disorder is:

Accepted Answer

Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been found to be at least as effective as other cognitive-behavioral techniques for treating substance use disorder, and in some cases, it can be more effective. This is because ACT focuses on accepting thoughts and feelings without judgment and committing to behavior change, which can be particularly useful in the context of addiction.

Question 3

In general, aversion therapy and contingency management for substance use disorders are more successful when:

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy and contingency management for substance use disorders tend to be more successful when the individual is highly motivated to change. Motivation enhances engagement and adherence to the therapeutic process, leading to better outcomes.

Question 4

Detoxification procedures may involve any of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Detoxification procedures aim to safely manage the acute physical symptoms of withdrawal from drugs or alcohol. They do not involve increasing the dose of the substance to make it aversive; instead, they focus on reducing or eliminating the substance from the body and may involve using medication to ease withdrawal symptoms, tapering off the substance, or providing supportive care in various settings. Increasing the substance dose could be dangerous and counterproductive to the goal of detoxification.

Question 5

Which of the following has been identified as a problem in designing and evaluating treatment methods for substance abuse?

Accepted Answer

There is no universally accepted definition of what constitutes success in substance abuse treatment, making it difficult to design and evaluate treatment methods. Success can vary widely, from complete abstinence to reduction in use or harm, and this lack of standardization complicates research and treatment approaches.

Question 6

Cocaine abusers on an inpatient ward earn rewards-and eventual release from the program-if they produce periodic urine samples that are free of the drug. The program they are in is a form of:

Accepted Answer

The program described is a form of contingency management, which is a behavioral therapy approach where individuals are rewarded for demonstrating desirable behaviors, such as providing drug-free urine samples. This method uses positive reinforcement to encourage abstinence from drugs.

Question 7

Opioid antagonists can produce withdrawal symptoms. Opioid antagonists that produce less severe withdrawal are:

Accepted Answer

Partial antagonists can produce withdrawal symptoms but generally cause less severe withdrawal compared to full antagonists because they still activate opioid receptors to a lesser degree.

Question 8

A client being treated for alcohol abuse receives just enough of a drug called curare to produce temporary paralysis whenever that client takes a drink of beer. Presumably, sufficient pairings of paralysis and alcohol will reduce the client's desire for alcohol. This procedure is called:

Accepted Answer

Aversion therapy involves pairing an unwanted behavior (in this case, drinking alcohol) with an unpleasant stimulus (temporary paralysis induced by curare) to reduce the occurrence of that behavior.

Question 9

The purpose of an antagonist drug is to:

Accepted Answer

An antagonist drug works by blocking or altering the effects of another drug, often used to counteract the effects of addictive substances.

Question 10

Wesley, a recovering heavy drinker, has been trained to identify the situations that might cause him to drink and to be aware of when he should stop drinking. This approach is known as:

Accepted Answer

Relapse-prevention training is designed to help individuals recognize and manage relapse warning signs, including identifying high-risk situations and developing coping strategies to maintain abstinence, which aligns with the scenario described.

Question 11

A therapist applies a small electric shock to a client every time that person views an image of a cigarette. The client develops an intense dislike of cigarettes and quits smoking. This therapy is based on:

Accepted Answer

This therapy is based on classical conditioning, where an unconditioned stimulus (electric shock) is paired with a neutral stimulus (image of a cigarette) until the neutral stimulus alone elicits a conditioned response (intense dislike of cigarettes). This process involves creating an association between two stimuli to elicit a learned response.

Question 12

Most people receive treatment for a substance use disorder in a(n):

Accepted Answer

Self-help groups are one of the most common forms of treatment for substance use disorders, as they are widely accessible and provide peer support.

Question 13

EMTs responding to an emergency call find a person who has injected an overdose of fentanyl, a synthetic opioid. The BEST opioid antagonist to use in this situation is:

Accepted Answer

Naloxone is the best choice for reversing the effects of an opioid overdose, including those caused by fentanyl, due to its rapid onset and effectiveness as an opioid antagonist.

Question 14

Jess thought she was taking an aspirin. Later, when she had a glass of wine and became very nauseated, she realized the pill was:

Accepted Answer

Disulfiram is used in the treatment of alcohol dependence. When alcohol is consumed by someone who has taken disulfiram, it causes a severe adverse reaction, including nausea. This is intended to deter the individual from consuming alcohol.

Question 15

According to the developmental psychopathology view, substance use disorders typically begin with:

Accepted Answer

The developmental psychopathology view suggests that substance use disorders often begin with genetically inherited predispositions, which can interact with environmental factors to influence the development of these disorders.

Question 16

The use of methadone in drug maintenance programs is controversial because methadone:

Accepted Answer

Methadone, used in drug maintenance programs for opioid dependence, can produce withdrawal symptoms that are sometimes considered more difficult to manage than those of heroin. This is due to methadone's longer half-life, which leads to a more prolonged withdrawal period.

Question 17

Relapse-prevention training to treat substance misuse differs from aversion therapy in that the goal is to:

Accepted Answer

Relapse-prevention training focuses on helping individuals gain control over their substance use by teaching coping skills to handle situations that might lead to relapse, whereas aversion therapy aims to create a negative reaction to the substance to deter its use.

Question 18

A therapist prescribes a client a drug that causes the patient to vomit every time he drinks alcohol. This therapist is MOST likely a(n):

Accepted Answer

This approach is consistent with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which often uses conditioning techniques to change behavior. The use of a drug to cause vomiting when alcohol is consumed is an example of aversive conditioning, a technique used in CBT to create a negative association with an unwanted behavior.

Question 19

Psychodynamic therapies may not be very effective in the treatment of substance use disorders because:

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic therapies focus on uncovering and understanding the underlying psychological reasons for behaviors, including substance use. However, in the treatment of substance use disorders, it's often more effective to address the behavior directly rather than delving into its deep-seated causes. This approach is based on the idea that the urgent need is to stop the harmful behavior (substance use) and manage its immediate consequences, rather than initially focusing on the psychological reasons behind it.

Question 20

A client receiving treatment for substance abuse keeps track of times the substance is used and develops strategies to deal with the substance when there is an opportunity to use it. The client is MOST likely receiving:

Accepted Answer

Relapse-prevention training focuses on identifying and managing high-risk situations for substance use, such as developing strategies to deal with opportunities to use substances. This approach helps clients anticipate and cope with the challenges of maintaining abstinence.

Quiz 12: Substance Use and Addictive Disorders