Question 1

You tell your friend Betty about a dream in which you were a giant cupcake. Betty says it means that you have a desire to drop out of college and become a baker. Betty's statement is a reflection of the ________ theory of dreaming.

Accepted Answer

Betty's statement reflects Sigmund Freud's theory of dreaming, which proposes that dreams are a way for the unconscious mind to fulfill hidden desires and wishes. In this case, Betty is suggesting that the dream about being a giant cupcake represents a desire to become a baker, which is related to a career path and therefore a potential hidden wish.

Question 2

This past week, Nick has had to wake up early for work and stay at work late, so he has been deprived of a good night's sleep. During the weekend, Nick can finally sleep in late. He will most likely

Accepted Answer

The answer of This past week, Nick has had to...

Question 3

Four people of different ages volunteer to take part in a sleep study that monitors their brain waves. The volunteer who will likely spend the most time in REM sleep is a

Accepted Answer

Three-month-old infants spend a significant amount of their sleep time in REM sleep, typically around 50% of sleep time. REM sleep decreases as we age, with adults spending around 20-25% of their sleep time in REM. The other options are less likely to spend as much time in REM sleep as the three-month-old.

Question 4

Meredith has been experiencing bad moods and impaired mental abilities. Her symptoms are most likely related to

Accepted Answer

Bad moods and impaired mental abilities are common symptoms of sleep deprivation, which can result from not getting enough sleep or having poor quality sleep.

Question 5

Eva is chronically sleep deprived. She will most likely experience all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Chronic sleep deprivation is associated with weight gain, not weight loss. Therefore, Eva is unlikely to experience loss of appetite and weight loss.

Question 6

Homer is suddenly awakened when his wife, Marge, starts striking him in her sleep. Homer wakes her up, and she explains that she was dreaming about defending herself from an attacker. Homer is not mad, but he is concerned that Marge may be experiencing

Accepted Answer

REM behavior disorder is a condition where the body doesn't properly relax during REM sleep, causing people to physically act out their dreams. Marge's actions of striking out in her sleep suggests she may be experiencing this disorder. Sleep apnea is characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep, narcolepsy is a disorder that causes excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks, and somnambulism (sleepwalking) involves getting up and walking around while still asleep. None of these conditions seem to fit Marge's symptoms as well as REM behavior disorder.

Question 7

After playing a difficult soccer match that wore out his body, Jon slept for four extra hours. Jon's extra sleep is best explained by ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

The restorative theory proposes that sleep is necessary to restore and repair the body, and after a physically demanding activity, Jon's body may have required extra time to recover, resulting in additional sleep.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a major issue linked to insomnia?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT a...

Question 9

Insomnia is more frequently observed among ________, whereas sleep apnea is more common among ________.

Accepted Answer

Insomnia is more common among females with anxiety disorders, while sleep apnea is more common among middle-aged males with obesity. Option C is the only choice that correctly identifies both group's common risk factors. Option A incorrectly identifies insomnia as being more common among females with anxiety disorders and sleep apnea as being more common among elderly males with neurological deficits, which is inaccurate. Option B incorrectly identifies both insomnia and sleep apnea as being more common among adolescents with anorexia nervosa, which is also incorrect. Option D accurately identifies insomnia as being more common among females with anxiety disorders, but incorrectly identifies sleep apnea as being more common among adolescents with anorexia nervosa.

Question 10

Your child wakes up during the first hour or two after going to bed and walks around his room with a glassy-eyed look. Based on this information, your child most likely has a sleep disorder called

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes a classic example of somnambulism, also known as sleepwalking. Sleep apnea is characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep, which would not necessarily cause a child to walk around with a glassy-eyed look. REM behavior disorder is when someone acts out their dreams during REM sleep and narcolepsy is a neurological disorder where a person experiences excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden sleep attacks.

Question 11

Your roommate says that you seem to wake up dozens of times in the night, gasping for air, but you are totally unaware of it. Based on this information, you may be experiencing

Accepted Answer

The roommate's description of waking up multiple times gasping for air is a classic symptom of sleep apnea. This condition causes brief pauses in breathing during sleep, leading to interruptions in sleep and oxygen deprivation which can have long-term health consequences. The individual may be completely unaware of these episodes or only briefly stirred before falling back asleep, as the roommate describes. Narcolepsy is a disorder of excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden, uncontrollable episodes of falling asleep. Somnambulism is sleepwalking, and REM behavior disorder involves acting out dreams physically during sleep.

Question 12

Occasionally, Jessie will fall asleep at inappropriate times, for example, in the middle of talking to a customer at work. Based on this information, Jessie might be experiencing

Accepted Answer

Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep, which can occur at any time and in any situation. Falling asleep at inappropriate times, such as during a conversation or while driving, is a common symptom of narcolepsy. Somnambulism (sleepwalking) is a parasomnia where a person walks or performs other activities while still asleep, and it usually occurs during non-REM sleep. REM behavior disorder involves acting out dreams during the REM phase of sleep, and sleep apnea is a disorder where breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep. Falling asleep at inappropriate times is not a typical symptom of these two disorders.

Question 13

Esther dreams that she is swimming. Following Freud's perspective, Esther's therapist suggests that her dream represents a hidden unconscious desire for sexual intimacy. Accordingly, the therapist would most likely conclude that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Esther dreams that she is swimming. Following...

Question 14

Becky, a 35-year-old mother, sleeps whenever her six-month-old baby does. Even though Becky and her infant get the same amount of sleep, according to consolidation theory, Becky will spend ________ time in ________ sleep compared with her baby.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Becky, a 35-year-old mother, sleeps whenever her...

Question 15

Which of the following theories best explains why individuals need more sleep after experiencing a traumatic brain injury?

Accepted Answer

The restorative theory suggests that sleep is necessary for the body to repair and restore itself, including the brain. After a traumatic brain injury, the brain may need more time for restorative processes to occur, leading to an increased need for sleep.

Question 16

Which of the following statements does NOT describe an adaptive and beneficial function of sleep?

Accepted Answer

Sleep does not allow the brain to shut off completely. The brain remains active during sleep, performing important functions such as memory consolidation and neural network adaptation.

Question 17

According to the consolidation theory that explains the benefits of sleep, researchers have found that

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the consolidation theory that explains...

Question 18

While dreaming that she is riding a bicycle, Millie actually moves around in bed making arm and leg motions similar to those of a cyclist. Millie is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

Millie is experiencing REM behavior disorder, which occurs when the muscle paralysis that normally accompanies REM sleep is incomplete or absent. This allows individuals to physically act out their dreams while still asleep.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about hypnosis is true?

Accepted Answer

Hypnosis has been shown to result in changes in a person's brain activity, particularly in the areas related to attention and perception. However, it is not the same as sleeping, and the idea that a person is completely under someone else's control during hypnosis is a myth. Hypnosis is also considered to be an altered state of consciousness, as it involves a deep level of relaxation and heightened suggestibility.

Question 20

For the past three days, Mandy has not been able to get enough hours of sleep. Today, Mandy will most likely have trouble

Accepted Answer

Lack of sleep can affect cognitive functions such as attention and memory, making it difficult for Mandy to pay attention in class and remember the information. While lack of sleep can also affect physical performance, such as athletic training and physical strength, the question specifically mentions "hours of sleep," indicating that cognitive function is more likely to be affected in this scenario. Option B is incorrect as microsleeps are more likely to occur when a person is sleep-deprived.

Quiz 3: Consciousness