Question 1

Ernst is jealous that several of his friends are going through puberty but he has not started yet. He eagerly keeps checking for signs that his body is changing. Ernst knows he should eventually experience all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The development of a more rounded jaw is not a typical characteristic of puberty. The correct answers are A, B, and D.

Question 2

Thirteen-year-old Sasha has a hard time getting along with her siblings because she often feels emotional and acts irrationally. She knows that she overreacts to their teasing, but she cannot help it. Sasha's feelings are most likely due to activation in her

Accepted Answer

The limbic system is responsible for processing emotions and is involved in the formation of memories. Sasha's emotional reactions are likely due to activation in this part of the brain. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for decision-making and impulse control and may also be involved in regulating emotions. The hippocampus is involved in memory formation, but it is not directly related to emotion regulation. The temporal cortex is involved in processing sensory information, but it is not directly related to emotion regulation either. Therefore, the best choice is C, the limbic system.

Question 3

Peipei has a great group of American friends, is active in her school's theater, and works at a restaurant. Peipei also spends time helping out her extended Chinese family, who only speak Mandarin, by taking them to doctor appointments and translating for them. Peipei has successfully developed a(n)

Accepted Answer

Peipei has successfully developed a bicultural identity by being active in both her Chinese family and American friend group, and balancing the different cultures through her activities and language skills.

Question 4

Twelve-year-old Teetham spent the whole summer at camp. When he returned home, his parents were surprised that he was taller, more muscular, and that his voice had deepened. These physical changes are examples of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Teetham's physical changes, such as a deepened voice and increased muscle mass, are examples of secondary sex characteristics. These are physical changes that emerge during puberty but are not directly related to reproduction, such as facial hair growth, breast development, or changes in body odor.

Question 5

Dr. Woolston is interested in studying teenagers' social lives and the challenges they face. Dr. Woolston should consult with his colleague ________, who would argue that the main difficulty teenagers face is forming a sense of ________.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Woolston should consult with Erikson, who is known for his theory of psychosocial development. According to Erikson's theory, teenagers face the challenge of forming a sense of identity, which is the main difficulty that they encounter during this stage of development.

Question 6

Simona is 15 years old and is questioning her sexual orientation, career choices, and religious beliefs. According to Erikson, Simona is experiencing the crisis of

Accepted Answer

Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development is identity vs. role confusion, which occurs during adolescence. During this stage, individuals explore and attempt to understand who they are and who they want to be. Simona's questioning of her sexual orientation, career choices, and religious beliefs all relate to this stage of development.

Question 7

Elaine travels around the world observing how children learn language. Elaine has written a book to relate her findings in which she discusses the fact that

Accepted Answer

Elaine's findings suggest that children's first words are typically used to identify objects or are simple action words, regardless of the culture they are in or the literacy of their parents.

Question 8

Over dinner one night, your little sister tells you how she is being picked on at school by two other students. Rowan has been calling her names during class for the past few weeks. Marty has been sending her offensive text messages and intimidating e-mails. Together, Rowan is engaging in ________ bullying and Marty is engaging in ________ bullying.

Accepted Answer

Rowan's actions of calling names classify as verbal bullying, while Marty's use of text messages and emails falls under cyber bullying.

Question 9

Andy decides to help his friend with his homework because he thinks the friend will then "owe" him and that he will get something in return. According to Kohlberg, Andy is exhibiting ________ moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Andy's reasoning is based on the idea of reward and punishment, which is typical of preconventional moral reasoning. In this stage, individuals make decisions based on self-interest and avoidance of punishment. Andy's motivation for helping his friend is to gain something in return and is not based on a sense of duty or concern for his friend's well-being.

Question 10

Phillip cannot wait for his son Baxter to start saying words so that Phillip can finally understand what Baxter needs. Phillip knows that for most babies, this will occur at around ________ months.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phillip cannot wait for his son Baxter...

Question 11

Eddie's neighbor Marjorie steals a laptop computer from another student in their dorm and makes Eddie promise not to tell on her. After campus police come to the dorm and question him, Eddie decides to tell them that Marjorie stole the laptop, because Eddie knows that Marjorie broke the law. According to Kohlberg, Eddie is exhibiting ________ moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Eddie is exhibiting conventional moral reasoning because he is adhering to societal laws and norms, which is characteristic of the conventional level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.

Question 12

Tanya looks back on her high school years with fondness because it was the first time she began to find others who dressed and acted like her and who held similar beliefs. Based on this information, Tanya recognizes how her identity was affected by

Accepted Answer

Tanya mentions finding others who dressed and acted like her and who held similar beliefs, which suggests that she formed a social group or clique that shared her identity.

Question 13

Which of the following is associated with the development of sexually mature reproductive organs and genitals?

Accepted Answer

Primary sex characteristics are directly involved in reproduction, including the development of sexually mature reproductive organs and genitals.

Question 14

Olivia begins menstruating at age eight. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this occurrence?

Accepted Answer

Early onset of menstruation (before age 9) is known as precocious puberty and can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress and unstable household situations.

Question 15

Your son is getting bullied at school. You are trying to explain some of the reasons why bullying happens. According to the experts, each of the following is true EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

According to experts, bullies actually have weaker emotional regulation, which makes them more likely to act out aggressively towards others. Therefore, they may not necessarily feel stronger emotions, but rather struggle to regulate them appropriately.

Question 16

Monique has noticed some hair growing on her armpits and that she is accumulating fat on her hips. These changes Monique is experiencing are most likely related to

Accepted Answer

The changes described indicate the onset of puberty, which typically involves the development of secondary sex characteristics such as pubic and underarm hair and changes in body shape.

Question 17

Professor Chen wants to study the motivation for stealing. Which of the following colleagues should he consult?

Accepted Answer

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development includes a stage where individuals weigh the potential gains of breaking rules or committing illegal acts against the potential consequences. This stage may be relevant to Professor Chen's study of motivation for stealing.

Question 18

According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, individuals experience the crisis of ________ during the adolescent years, where they face the challenge of addressing questions about who they are.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the crisis of identity versus role confusion occurs during the adolescent years. This is the stage where individuals explore and try to establish their own identity, which includes addressing questions about who they are, what their values are, and what they want to do with their lives.

Question 19

Which of the following do researchers argue is a benefit of the increased conflicts that occur between adolescents and their parents?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following do researchers argue...

Question 20

Allie has just gone through puberty, and the rapid development of her frontal cortex is causing her to

Accepted Answer

The rapid development of the frontal cortex during and after puberty enhances cognitive functions such as flexible and critical thinking, though it may still be maturing, leading to some difficulties in these areas.

Quiz 4: Development Across the Life Span