Question 1

Why do vapor bubbles get larger in boiling water as they approach the surface?

Accepted Answer

As the bubble rises towards the surface, the pressure around it decreases. This causes the gas inside the bubble to expand and the size of the bubble to increase.

Question 2

What thermodynamic quantity is held constant in Boyle's law?

Accepted Answer

Boyle's law relates pressure and volume at a constant temperature. Therefore, temperature is the thermodynamic quantity that is held constant.

Question 3

Avogadro's number is related to the universal gas constant R and the number of moles n by:

Accepted Answer

Avogadro's number is a constant that represents the number of particles in one mole of substance and is not directly related to the universal gas constant R and the number of moles n in the manner described by options A, B, or C. The universal gas constant R is instead related to Avogadro's number as part of the ideal gas law equation (PV = nRT), where P is pressure, V is volume, T is temperature, and n is the number of moles. Avogadro's number itself is used to convert between the number of particles and the amount of substance in moles, but it does not form a direct equation with R and n as suggested by the options.

Question 4

A 4.00-L container holds half a mole of an ideal gas at a pressure of 18.5 atm. What is the gas temperature? (R = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K)

Accepted Answer

The ideal gas law is PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature. We can rearrange this equation to solve for T: T = PV/nR. Plugging in the given values, we get T = (18.5 atm)(4.00 L)/(0.5 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K) = 1800 K.

Question 5

An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The number of moles and temperature are constant. By what factor will the volume change if pressure quadruples?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An ideal gas is confined to a...

Question 6

With molar quantity and temperature held constant, by what factor does the pressure of an ideal gas change when the volume is four times bigger?

Accepted Answer

According to Boyle's Law, for an ideal gas at constant temperature and quantity, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant. Thus, P1V1 = P2V2, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume. If the volume is four times bigger (V2 = 4V1), then the pressure must decrease by a factor of 1/4 (P2 = P1/4). Therefore, the answer is C, 1/4.

Question 7

For a quantity of ideal gas, which of the following is constant?

Accepted Answer

According to the Ideal Gas Law, PV=nRT. By rearranging this equation, we get PV/T = nR. Therefore, PV/T is a constant for a given quantity of ideal gas, since n and R remain constant.

Question 8

In the relationship $\Delta$P  $\Delta$T , what scale is used for temperature?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the relationship $\Delta$P  $\Delta$T ,...

Question 9

The gas,  , is used in outside grills, and several moles of this gas will burn during an afternoon's grilling. What is the mass of one molecule of this gas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gas,  , is used in...

Question 10

An ideal gas is confined to a container with constant volume. The number of moles is constant. By what factor will the pressure change if the absolute temperature triples?

Accepted Answer

According to the ideal gas law (PV=nRT), if the volume (V) and the number of moles (n) are constant, the pressure (P) is directly proportional to the absolute temperature (T). Therefore, if the temperature triples, the pressure will also triple.

Question 11

With volume and molar quantity held constant, by what factor does the absolute temperature change for an ideal gas when the pressure is three times bigger?

Accepted Answer

According to the Ideal Gas Law, PV = nRT, when volume and molar quantity are held constant, P/T = constant. Therefore, if the pressure is increased by a factor of 3, the temperature must also increase by a factor of 3 to maintain the constant ratio. Thus, the answer is 3.0.

Question 12

The pressure in a constant-volume gas thermometer extrapolates to zero at what temperature?

Accepted Answer

According to Charles's Law, at absolute zero temperature (0 K), the volume of gas becomes zero, which means the pressure of the gas also becomes zero in a constant-volume gas thermometer. Therefore, the pressure extrapolates to zero at 0 K.

Question 13

Four moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston. If the gas temperature is 298 K, and the pressure is 1.01 *10⁶ N/m², what is the volume? (R = 8.31 J/mol·K)

Accepted Answer

The ideal gas law is PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature. Solving for V, we get V = nRT/P. Plugging in the given values, we get V = (4 mol)(8.31 J/mol·K)(298 K)/(1.01 × 10^6 N/m^2) = 9.81 × 10^-3 m^3.

Question 14

An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The pressure and mole number are constant. By what factor will volume change if absolute temperature doubles?

Accepted Answer

According to the Ideal Gas Law, PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is absolute temperature. Since pressure and mole number are constant, we can write PV = constant. If absolute temperature doubles, then T is multiplied by 2. To keep PV constant, V must change by a factor of 1/2. Therefore, the answer is B.

Question 15

The value 1.38 *10^-²³ J/K is known as:

Accepted Answer

The value 1.38 x 10^-23 J/K is known as Boltzmann's constant, which relates the average kinetic energy of particles in a gas with the temperature of the gas.

Question 16

Which law is for a quantity of gas held at constant volume?

Accepted Answer

Gay-Lussac's law, also known as the pressure-temperature law, states that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at constant volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. This means that as the temperature of the gas increases, so does its pressure.

Question 17

Four moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston. If the molecular mass of nitrogen is 28 u, how many grams of nitrogen are present?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Four moles of nitrogen gas are contained...

Question 18

What is the mass of 2 moles of carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

The molar mass of carbon dioxide is 44 g/mol, so 2 moles would be 44 g/mol x 2 mol = 88 g. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Question 19

How many molecules are there in 14 grams of nitrogen gas?

Accepted Answer

To find the number of molecules, we need to use Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol.

The molar mass of nitrogen gas (N2) is 28 g/mol, so we can find the number of moles of N2 in 14 grams by dividing the mass by the molar mass:

14 g / 28 g/mol = 0.5 mol

Now we can use Avogadro's number to find the number of molecules:

0.5 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol = 3.011 x 10^23 molecules

Therefore, there are 3.011 x 10^23 molecules in 14 grams of nitrogen gas, which is closest to choice A.

Question 20

What is the mass of a mole of oxygen gas?

Accepted Answer

A mole of oxygen gas (O2) consists of two oxygen atoms. Each oxygen atom has a molar mass of approximately 16 g/mol, so O2 has a molar mass of 32 g/mol.

Quiz 15: Gases and Kinetic Theory

Why do vapor bubbles get larger in boiling water as they approach the surface?

What thermodynamic quantity is held constant in Boyle's law?

Avogadro's number is related to the universal gas constant R and the number of moles n by:

A 4.00-L container holds half a mole of an ideal gas at a pressure of 18.5 atm. What is the gas temperature? (R = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K)

An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The number of moles and temperature are constant. By what factor will the volume change if pressure quadruples?

With molar quantity and temperature held constant, by what factor does the pressure of an ideal gas change when the volume is four times bigger?

For a quantity of ideal gas, which of the following is constant?

In the relationship $\Delta$ P $In the relationship \Delta P \Delta T , what scale is used for temperature? A) Fahrenheit B) Celsius C) Kelvin D) Both Celsius and Kelvin may be used since the degree size is the same for both.$ $\Delta$ T , what scale is used for temperature?

The gas, , is used in outside grills, and several moles of this gas will burn during an afternoon's grilling. What is the mass of one molecule of this gas?

An ideal gas is confined to a container with constant volume. The number of moles is constant. By what factor will the pressure change if the absolute temperature triples?

With volume and molar quantity held constant, by what factor does the absolute temperature change for an ideal gas when the pressure is three times bigger?

The pressure in a constant-volume gas thermometer extrapolates to zero at what temperature?

Four moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston. If the gas temperature is 298 K, and the pressure is 1.01 *10⁶ N/m², what is the volume? (R = 8.31 J/mol·K)

An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The pressure and mole number are constant. By what factor will volume change if absolute temperature doubles?

The value 1.38 *10^-²³ J/K is known as:

Which law is for a quantity of gas held at constant volume?

Four moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston. If the molecular mass of nitrogen is 28 u, how many grams of nitrogen are present?

What is the mass of 2 moles of carbon dioxide?

How many molecules are there in 14 grams of nitrogen gas?

What is the mass of a mole of oxygen gas?

Quiz 15: Gases and Kinetic Theory

Why do vapor bubbles get larger in boiling water as they approach the surface?

What thermodynamic quantity is held constant in Boyle's law?

Avogadro's number is related to the universal gas constant R and the number of moles n by:

A 4.00-L container holds half a mole of an ideal gas at a pressure of 18.5 atm. What is the gas temperature? (R = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K)

An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The number of moles and temperature are constant. By what factor will the volume change if pressure quadruples?

With molar quantity and temperature held constant, by what factor does the pressure of an ideal gas change when the volume is four times bigger?

For a quantity of ideal gas, which of the following is constant?

In the relationship Δ\DeltaΔ P Δ\DeltaΔ T , what scale is used for temperature?

The gas, , is used in outside grills, and several moles of this gas will burn during an afternoon's grilling. What is the mass of one molecule of this gas?

An ideal gas is confined to a container with constant volume. The number of moles is constant. By what factor will the pressure change if the absolute temperature triples?

With volume and molar quantity held constant, by what factor does the absolute temperature change for an ideal gas when the pressure is three times bigger?

The pressure in a constant-volume gas thermometer extrapolates to zero at what temperature?

Four moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston. If the gas temperature is 298 K, and the pressure is 1.01 *106 N/m2, what is the volume? (R = 8.31 J/mol·K)

An ideal gas is confined to a container with adjustable volume. The pressure and mole number are constant. By what factor will volume change if absolute temperature doubles?

The value 1.38 *10-23 J/K is known as:

Which law is for a quantity of gas held at constant volume?

Four moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston. If the molecular mass of nitrogen is 28 u, how many grams of nitrogen are present?

What is the mass of 2 moles of carbon dioxide?

How many molecules are there in 14 grams of nitrogen gas?

What is the mass of a mole of oxygen gas?

In the relationship $\Delta$ P $In the relationship \Delta P \Delta T , what scale is used for temperature? A) Fahrenheit B) Celsius C) Kelvin D) Both Celsius and Kelvin may be used since the degree size is the same for both.$ $\Delta$ T , what scale is used for temperature?

Four moles of nitrogen gas are contained in an enclosed cylinder with a movable piston. If the gas temperature is 298 K, and the pressure is 1.01 *10⁶ N/m², what is the volume? (R = 8.31 J/mol·K)

The value 1.38 *10^-²³ J/K is known as: