Question 1

According to the paradox of choice,having some choice is good,and having even more choice

Accepted Answer

The paradox of choice suggests that while having options is good, too many choices can lead to decision fatigue, overwhelm, and dissatisfaction, making it frustrating and impairing our ability to think clearly.

Question 2

Last week,Alana saw a television show about a rare,but fatal,virus.Now,she has a runny nose and a fever and thinks she has contracted the virus.Alana's thinking is most
Likely based on

Accepted Answer

Alana's thinking is most likely based on the availability heuristic, which is when people estimate the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples of it come to mind. Since she recently saw a show about the virus, it is readily available in her memory, leading her to mistakenly think she has contracted it due to her symptoms.

Question 3

Using algorithms in decision making has the advantage of ________ and the disadvantage of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using algorithms in decision making has the...

Question 4

When solving a problem using insight,the solution is reached

Accepted Answer

Insight involves a sudden realization of a problem's solution, often described as an "aha" moment, where the solution seems to spontaneously appear in one's mind without a clear, step-by-step progression.

Question 5

James is trying to break into a safe,but he does not know the four-digit code.To find the right code,he uses a procedure that will obtain the right result if he uses it correctly.Specifically,
He tries every possible set of four-digit numbers until he finds the correct one.James is using
A(n) ________ to find the correct code.

Accepted Answer

James is using an algorithm because he is following a step-by-step procedure that guarantees finding the correct code by trying every possible combination.

Question 6

Marco wants to get an A on his exam.To do this,he divides up the material into small sections and focuses on learning a different section every day until he knows all of the
Material for the exam.Marco is ________ to achieve his goal of getting an A on his exam.

Accepted Answer

Marco is using subgoals by breaking down the overall goal of getting an A on his exam into smaller, more manageable learning objectives for each day. This strategy helps in organizing and focusing his study efforts.

Question 7

You are placing a bet on an upcoming basketball game.You quickly remember that the green team has won the last three home games.If you use that information to make your decision,
You will be using

Accepted Answer

The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. In this case, recalling the green team's recent victories because they are readily available in memory and using that information to make a betting decision exemplifies the availability heuristic.

Question 8

Using heuristics in decision making has the advantage of ________ and the disadvantage of ________.

Accepted Answer

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that allow people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently, requiring minimal thinking. However, because they are simplifications, they do not always work in every situation, leading to biases or errors in judgment.

Question 9

When you meet Joe,he tells you that he loves math and building computers and robots. You decide that Joe must be an engineering student and not a liberal arts student,even
Though there are more liberal arts students at your school.In making this decision,you
Have just used

Accepted Answer

The representativeness heuristic is a mental shortcut that involves making a probability judgment by comparing an object or event to a prototype of the object or event. In this case, because Joe's interests in math and building computers and robots are more representative of the stereotype of an engineering student than a liberal arts student, you've concluded he must be an engineering student, despite the larger number of liberal arts students at your school. This is a classic example of using the representativeness heuristic to make a judgment.

Question 10

Sam always buys one specific brand of cell phones because she believes that brand is the most reliable.Sam is using ________ to decide what cell phone to buy,which may help her
Save time picking out her next cell phone.

Accepted Answer

Sam is using a heuristic, which is a mental shortcut or rule of thumb that simplifies decision-making. By sticking to a brand she believes is reliable, she saves time and effort in choosing a new cell phone.

Question 11

Isaac is baking a cake by following the instructions in the recipe exactly.Isaac is using ________ to make the cake,which means that his cake will turn out correctly.

Accepted Answer

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure or formula for solving a problem. By following the recipe exactly, Isaac is using an algorithm, which if followed correctly, should result in the cake turning out as expected.

Question 12

You read a description about a woman named Tyra,who happens to be extremely beautiful and almost six feet tall.You are asked to predict whether Tyra is a model or a science
Teacher.To do this,you think of your prototypes of a model and a science teacher,and you
Decide that Tyra is a model.Your reasoning may be faulty due to

Accepted Answer

This reasoning is faulty due to the representativeness heuristic, which involves making judgments based on how well someone or something fits our stereotypes or prototypes, in this case, associating Tyra's physical characteristics with those typically attributed to models rather than science teachers.

Question 13

The type of thinking that uses shortcuts to allow one to make a decision quickly,without considering all of the evidence,is called

Accepted Answer

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that allow people to solve problems and make judgments quickly and efficiently without needing to consider all available evidence.

Question 14

Gillian bought one set of tools because that brand offered a $10 rebate.The tool company influenced her decision by presenting the information about the rebates.This is a strategy
Known as

Accepted Answer

Framing refers to the way information is presented to influence decision-making. In this case, the tool company presented the information about a $10 rebate in a manner that made the purchase more appealing to Gillian, thereby influencing her decision to buy the tools. This is a classic example of framing, where the positive aspect of getting money back (the rebate) is highlighted to make the offer more attractive.

Question 15

To buy cheese,Kumiko goes to a large store with a big selection of cheeses.Nima goes to a much smaller store with only a few choices of cheeses.Who is more likely to buy
Cheese,and why?

Accepted Answer

Nima is more likely to buy cheese because having fewer choices can make the decision-making process easier and reduce the likelihood of becoming overwhelmed by too many options, a phenomenon known as choice overload or the paradox of choice.

Question 16

Josie has decided that she wants to become a doctor,but she feels overwhelmed when she thinks about how many years of school it will take to become a doctor.She could manage this
Feeling by breaking the process into smaller pieces.If she did this,she would be using

Accepted Answer

Breaking a large goal into smaller, more manageable pieces is a strategy known as setting subgoals. This approach helps in making the overall process seem less overwhelming by focusing on achieving smaller, incremental objectives that lead towards the main goal.

Question 17

Some mental shortcuts can cause errors in thinking.For example,simply because you can remember an example of something very quickly and easily does not mean that you should
Rely on that information in making accurate probability judgments.This error in thinking
Reflects

Accepted Answer

The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision. The error in thinking described is due to overestimating the probability or frequency of an event based on how easily an example can be recalled, which is characteristic of the availability heuristic.

Question 18

After struggling to solve a physics problem,you take a break for lunch.When you go back to work on the problem,the solution suddenly pops into your head.In this case you used
________ to solve the problem.

Accepted Answer

Insight refers to the sudden realization of a problem's solution, often occurring after taking a break from focused thinking, as described in the scenario.

Question 19

Using an analogy to help solve a problem is most likely to occur when the problem

Accepted Answer

Using an analogy to solve a problem is most effective when the problem at hand is similar to another problem that has been solved before. This similarity allows the problem-solver to apply solutions or strategies that worked in the past to the current problem.

Question 20

Steve is trying to determine whether it will rain this Saturday.He quickly remembers that it has rained the past three Saturdays.If he uses this information to make his decision,
He will be using

Accepted Answer

Steve is using the availability heuristic because he is basing his prediction on the ease with which he can recall instances of it raining on Saturdays, which is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind.

Quiz 8: Thinking and Intelligence

According to the paradox of choice,having some choice is good,and having even more choice

Last week,Alana saw a television show about a rare,but fatal,virus.Now,she has a runny nose and a fever and thinks she has contracted the virus.Alana's thinking is most Likely based on

Using algorithms in decision making has the advantage of and the disadvantage of .

When solving a problem using insight,the solution is reached

Marco wants to get an A on his exam.To do this,he divides up the material into small sections and focuses on learning a different section every day until he knows all of the Material for the exam.Marco is ________ to achieve his goal of getting an A on his exam.

You are placing a bet on an upcoming basketball game.You quickly remember that the green team has won the last three home games.If you use that information to make your decision, You will be using

Using heuristics in decision making has the advantage of and the disadvantage of .

When you meet Joe,he tells you that he loves math and building computers and robots. You decide that Joe must be an engineering student and not a liberal arts student,even Though there are more liberal arts students at your school.In making this decision,you Have just used

Sam always buys one specific brand of cell phones because she believes that brand is the most reliable.Sam is using ________ to decide what cell phone to buy,which may help her Save time picking out her next cell phone.

Isaac is baking a cake by following the instructions in the recipe exactly.Isaac is using ________ to make the cake,which means that his cake will turn out correctly.

The type of thinking that uses shortcuts to allow one to make a decision quickly,without considering all of the evidence,is called

Gillian bought one set of tools because that brand offered a $10 rebate.The tool company influenced her decision by presenting the information about the rebates.This is a strategy Known as

To buy cheese,Kumiko goes to a large store with a big selection of cheeses.Nima goes to a much smaller store with only a few choices of cheeses.Who is more likely to buy Cheese,and why?

Josie has decided that she wants to become a doctor,but she feels overwhelmed when she thinks about how many years of school it will take to become a doctor.She could manage this Feeling by breaking the process into smaller pieces.If she did this,she would be using

Some mental shortcuts can cause errors in thinking.For example,simply because you can remember an example of something very quickly and easily does not mean that you should Rely on that information in making accurate probability judgments.This error in thinking Reflects

After struggling to solve a physics problem,you take a break for lunch.When you go back to work on the problem,the solution suddenly pops into your head.In this case you used ________ to solve the problem.

Using an analogy to help solve a problem is most likely to occur when the problem

Steve is trying to determine whether it will rain this Saturday.He quickly remembers that it has rained the past three Saturdays.If he uses this information to make his decision, He will be using