Question 1

____ is the belief that the presence of other people in a situation makes one less personally responsible for events that occur.

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility is a sociopsychological phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when others are present. This is often observed in group settings, where the responsibility is spread across all the members, leading individuals to feel less personally accountable.

Question 2

Which of the following theories provides an explanation for why similarity leads to liking?

Accepted Answer

Balance theory suggests that people prefer consistency and harmony in their relationships and attitudes, leading them to like others who are similar to themselves.

Question 3

According to the two-factor theory of emotion,when we experience ____ arousal in the presence of someone who fits our idea of a suitable romantic partner,we are likely to interpret this arousal as romantic and sexual attraction.This is the beginning of ____.

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory of emotion, proposed by Schachter and Singer, suggests that emotions are determined by physiological arousal and the cognitive labeling of that arousal. In the context of romantic attraction, when we experience physiological arousal in the presence of a potential romantic partner, we may interpret this arousal as romantic and sexual attraction, leading to the development of passionate love.

Question 4

____ love is a state of intense longing for union with another that we typically experience most intensely during the early stages of a romantic relationship.

Accepted Answer

Passionate love is characterized by intense emotions, sexual attraction, anxiety, and affection. It is often strongest in the early stages of a romantic relationship.

Question 5

Which theory proposes that because of the desire for consistency,balanced relationships should be rewarding,while imbalanced relationships should be unpleasant?

Accepted Answer

Balance theory suggests that individuals strive for consistency in their relationships and perceptions. When relationships are balanced, they tend to be rewarding, whereas imbalanced relationships can lead to discomfort and are thus considered unpleasant. This theory focuses on the importance of triadic relationships among people and their attitudes towards each other and objects or ideas, aiming for a harmonious state.

Question 6

What is one of the most powerful predictors of whether one will develop a relationship with another person?

Accepted Answer

Proximity is one of the most powerful predictors of relationship development. Being physically close to someone increases the likelihood of meeting and interacting, which can lead to a relationship forming. This is supported by the mere exposure effect, which suggests that simply being exposed to someone or something frequently increases our liking for them.

Question 7

Sometimes when many people witness a situation that is clearly an emergency,they do not help.What process,proposed by Darley and Latané,provides an explanation for this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The diffusion of responsibility is a social psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of responsibility in the presence of a large group of people, as they assume someone else will intervene.

Question 8

When are men more likely to help than women?

Accepted Answer

Men are more likely to help in situations that involve danger, as this aligns with traditional gender roles and societal expectations of masculinity, which often emphasize bravery and heroism.

Question 9

In ambiguous emergency situations,the fear of being negatively evaluated,combined with the tendency to look to others for further information,results in the ____.

Accepted Answer

The audience inhibition effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals are hesitant to react in ambiguous emergency situations due to the fear of being negatively evaluated by others, combined with the tendency to look to others for cues on how to behave.

Question 10

What is the matching hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The matching hypothesis suggests that individuals are more likely to form and succeed in a committed relationship with someone who is equally socially desirable. This is often interpreted in terms of physical attractiveness, but it can also include similarities in socio-economic status, intelligence, and personality.

Question 11

Rico and Roxanne have been going out for about two months.They both get a knot in their stomach every time they see each other.Whenever they are apart,they long to be together again.Psychologists call this ____ love.

Accepted Answer

This description fits the characteristics of passionate love, which is marked by intense emotions, sexual attraction, anxiety, and affection.

Question 12

What is the audience inhibition effect associated with?

Accepted Answer

The audience inhibition effect is associated with the concern of how others might evaluate the individual, which can influence a person's willingness to intervene in an emergency situation or to perform in a certain way due to the fear of judgment or negative evaluation by others.

Question 13

What is the term employed to convey the affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply entwined?

Accepted Answer

Companionate love is the term used to describe the deep affection felt for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined, typically characterized by feelings of affection, commitment, and intimacy, but not necessarily accompanied by passion.

Question 14

____ and ____ are the two ingredients essential in attraction.

Accepted Answer

Proximity and similarity are key factors in attraction. Proximity increases the likelihood of meeting and interacting, while similarity in attitudes, values, and interests fosters connection and attraction.

Question 15

____ develops out of a sense of certainty in one another's love and respect,as well as a feeling of genuine mutual understanding.

Accepted Answer

Companionate love is characterized by deep affection, strong emotional bonds, and commitment, developing from long-term familiarity and shared experiences. It is built on mutual respect, understanding, and care, rather than the intensity of passion or the initial infatuation that might characterize passionate love.

Question 16

You are in a statistics class and your instructor trips and hits her head on her desk.Although there are 30 students in the class,no one moves to help her.Which of the following provides a possible explanation for this behavior?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility is a phenomenon where individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of responsibility in the presence of a large group of people. In this scenario, with 30 students present, each student may assume someone else will help, leading to inaction.

Question 17

Identify the fist step one needs to take when following the five-step model of bystander intervention.

Accepted Answer

The first step in the five-step model of bystander intervention is to notice that something unusual is happening. This step is crucial because one cannot decide to intervene in a situation without first being aware that there is a situation that might require intervention.

Question 18

Research suggests that ____ are crucial in modifying and controlling our aggressive impulses.

Accepted Answer

Self-awareness and self-regulation are key factors in managing and controlling aggressive impulses, as they involve recognizing one's emotions and controlling one's reactions.

Question 19

Women are more likely than men to ____.

Accepted Answer

Women are generally more likely than men to engage in behaviors and roles that involve providing social and emotional support, volunteering for community service, and caring for children and elderly people. These tendencies are observed across various cultures and societies, reflecting both social norms and possibly innate predispositions.

Question 20

People who rescued Jews in Nazi-occupied territory during World War II were more likely than nonrescuers to say that they ____.

Accepted Answer

Research on the motivations and backgrounds of those who rescued Jews during the Holocaust often highlights the influence of moral and ethical values instilled during childhood, including the importance of generosity and caring, which were frequently learned from their parents.

Quiz 13: Social Behavior