Question 1

The nurse recognizes the need for further teaching when the client makes which statement about lifestyle changes to reduce the development and progression of coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Stress management is crucial in reducing the risk of coronary artery disease, and while exercise can help manage stress, it does not negate the effects of chronic stress from other sources such as a high-stress job. Therefore, relying solely on exercise without addressing other sources of stress indicates a misunderstanding.

Question 2

A client taking nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)for angina asks the nurse to explain possible side effects.What should be included in client teaching? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin, used for angina, can cause reflex tachycardia as the body tries to compensate for the vasodilation effect. Dizziness and hypotension are also common side effects due to the vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Hyperkalemia and hyponatremia are not typical side effects of nitroglycerin.

Question 3

A client presents in the Emergency Department with chest pain.The nurse knows that which conditions can cause chest pain? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

Peptic ulcer disease, myocardial infarction, and gastric reflux can all cause chest pain. Arthritis and pelvic inflammatory disease are not typically associated with chest pain.

Question 4

A client has been prescribed several medications.Which medication is a beta blocker?

Accepted Answer

Atenolol (Tenormin) is a beta blocker, which is used to treat high blood pressure and chest pain (angina) by slowing down the heart and reducing its workload.

Question 5

A client presents in the Emergency Department with a suspected MI.Which medications should be given as soon as possible? (Select all that apply.)Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A client presents in the Emergency Department...

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a client who has chronic angina.Treatment for the condition has been unsuccessful.Which medication does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed?

Accepted Answer

Ranolazine (Ranexa) is often used as an add-on treatment for chronic angina when other medications have not been successful. It works by improving blood flow to help the heart work more efficiently.

Question 7

A client asks the nurse to explain the difference between stable and unstable angina.What is the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Stable angina is characterized by chest pain or discomfort that typically occurs with activity or stress and is predictable in its pattern, including its frequency, intensity, and duration. Unstable angina, on the other hand, represents a change in the pattern of angina where the episodes become more frequent, severe, occur with less exertion, or even at rest, indicating a more serious condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Question 8

Following a stroke,a client has been started on clopidogrel (Plavix).Why is this medication being administered?

Accepted Answer

Clopidogrel (Plavix) is an antiplatelet medication used to prevent blood clots in patients who cannot tolerate aspirin, thereby reducing the risk of stroke.

Question 9

A client has ordered a thrombolytic medication for treatment of CVA.Which type of stroke does the nurse know should not be treated with a thrombolytic?

Accepted Answer

Thrombolytic medications are used to dissolve blood clots, which can be beneficial in treating ischemic strokes (caused by blood clots). However, they are contraindicated in hemorrhagic strokes, where bleeding in the brain is present, as they can worsen bleeding.

Question 10

The client asks the nurse why an ACE inhibitor has been prescribed following an MI.What is the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitors are known to reduce mortality following a myocardial infarction (MI) by helping to improve heart function and prevent further damage to the heart tissue. They do not primarily lower potassium levels, treat hypotension, or are always prescribed with a beta blocker and calcium channel blocker following an MI.

Question 11

A client has been prescribed diltiazem (Cardizem),and asks the nurse what type of drug this is.Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Diltiazem (Cardizem) is classified as a calcium channel blocker, which is used to treat hypertension, angina, and certain heart rhythm disorders by relaxing the muscles of the heart and blood vessels.

Question 12

The nurse is describing angina to a family member of a client recently diagnosed with the condition.Which characterization of angina is the most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Angina is typically characterized by chest pain or discomfort that occurs when an area of your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. This often happens during physical exertion or emotional stress because the heart demands more oxygen during these times than the narrowed coronary arteries can supply.

Question 13

What is the correct medical term used to describe impaired blood flow in the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Coronary heart disease specifically refers to the condition where the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, are narrowed or blocked, leading to impaired blood flow. This can cause symptoms such as chest pain (angina) and, in severe cases, lead to myocardial infarction (heart attack).

Question 14

The client is being discharged with nitroglycerin (Nitrostat).What should the nurse include in the client education?

Accepted Answer

Nitroglycerin is used to treat episodes of angina (chest pain). The standard instruction is to take one tablet at the onset of symptoms. If the pain persists after 5 minutes, a second tablet can be taken. If there is still no relief after another 5 minutes, a third tablet can be taken. If the chest pain is not relieved after three tablets taken 5 minutes apart, it is a medical emergency, and the patient should call 911 as they might be having a heart attack. This makes option B the correct choice.

Question 15

The nurse is preparing to administer atenolol (Tenormin)to a client with angina.Which vital sign would cause the nurse to question administering this drug?

Accepted Answer

Atenolol is a beta-blocker that can lower heart rate. A pulse of 52 beats per minute is already low, and administering atenolol could further decrease the heart rate, potentially leading to bradycardia.

Question 16

Reteplase (Retavase)has been ordered for a client diagnosed with an MI.The nurse understands that this drug needs to be administered within which time frame following the onset of symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Reteplase is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve blood clots in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). It is most effective when administered within 30 minutes to 12 hours after the onset of symptoms to restore blood flow and minimize heart damage.

Question 17

A client taking nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)complains of a headache.Which conclusion is most appropriate by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

Headaches are a well-known side effect of nitroglycerin due to its vasodilating properties, which increase blood flow to the brain. This is a common and expected reaction, not indicative of an allergic response or mitigated by food intake.

Question 18

A client arrives in the Emergency Department with severe chest pain.What is the best explanation by the nurse to differentiate angina from a myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

Angina typically resolves with rest and is not usually fatal, while a myocardial infarction (heart attack) is an emergency situation that can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical intervention. This distinction highlights the urgency and potential severity of a myocardial infarction compared to angina.

Question 19

The client with angina is being discharged to home.The nurse is instructing the client on dietary changes.What should be included in this teaching?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing salt and fat intake and limiting alcohol intake are important dietary changes for a client with angina to help manage their condition and reduce the risk of further heart problems.

Question 20

Which drug class has been found to decrease mortality if given within 8 hours of an MI due to a decrease in cardiac workload?

Accepted Answer

Beta-adrenergic blockers decrease mortality if given early in the setting of a myocardial infarction (MI) by reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and thus myocardial oxygen demand, which decreases the cardiac workload.

Quiz 21: Drugs for Angina Pectoris, Myocardial Infarction, and Stroke

The nurse recognizes the need for further teaching when the client makes which statement about lifestyle changes to reduce the development and progression of coronary artery disease?

A client taking nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) for angina asks the nurse to explain possible side effects.What should be included in client teaching? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A client presents in the Emergency Department with chest pain.The nurse knows that which conditions can cause chest pain? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A client has been prescribed several medications.Which medication is a beta blocker?

A client presents in the Emergency Department with a suspected MI.Which medications should be given as soon as possible? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

The nurse is caring for a client who has chronic angina.Treatment for the condition has been unsuccessful.Which medication does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed?

A client asks the nurse to explain the difference between stable and unstable angina.What is the best response by the nurse?

Following a stroke,a client has been started on clopidogrel (Plavix) .Why is this medication being administered?

A client has ordered a thrombolytic medication for treatment of CVA.Which type of stroke does the nurse know should not be treated with a thrombolytic?

The client asks the nurse why an ACE inhibitor has been prescribed following an MI.What is the best response by the nurse?

A client has been prescribed diltiazem (Cardizem) ,and asks the nurse what type of drug this is.Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?

The nurse is describing angina to a family member of a client recently diagnosed with the condition.Which characterization of angina is the most appropriate?

What is the correct medical term used to describe impaired blood flow in the coronary arteries?

The client is being discharged with nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) .What should the nurse include in the client education?

The nurse is preparing to administer atenolol (Tenormin) to a client with angina.Which vital sign would cause the nurse to question administering this drug?

Reteplase (Retavase) has been ordered for a client diagnosed with an MI.The nurse understands that this drug needs to be administered within which time frame following the onset of symptoms?

A client taking nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) complains of a headache.Which conclusion is most appropriate by the nurse?

A client arrives in the Emergency Department with severe chest pain.What is the best explanation by the nurse to differentiate angina from a myocardial infarction?

The client with angina is being discharged to home.The nurse is instructing the client on dietary changes.What should be included in this teaching?

Which drug class has been found to decrease mortality if given within 8 hours of an MI due to a decrease in cardiac workload?