Question 1

Neutrinos can be considered a form of dark matter.Describe what properties make neutrinos suitable dark matter candidates, and explain whether they can be considered hot or cold dark matter.

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Question 2

How do astronomers explain the formation of elliptical galaxies?

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Question 3

In the immediate aftermath of the recombination epoch, neutral hydrogen produced 21-cm photons.What would be the corresponding observed wavelength (at the present epoch) for such photons emitted at redshift z ~ 100?

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Question 4

Why do astronomers think that cold dark matter (as opposed to hot dark matter) is the primary component of dark matter in galaxies?

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Question 5

How are the observed properties of the CMB leading to the idea that dark matter plays a crucial role in the formation of structure in the universe?

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Question 6

Outline a few fundamental differences between the formation of the very first stars and that of the second or subsequent generations.

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Question 7

Explain why dark matter dominates the halos of galaxies but does not play a role in the formation of small structures (stars, planets, etc.) within galaxies.

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Question 8

What are the "Dark Ages" in cosmology?

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Question 9

The image below shows faint high-redshift galaxy GN-z11(enlarged in inset), with a redshift of
z =11.1.Why are images like this relatively rare, and interesting to astronomers?

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Question 10

Explain and contrast the top-down and bottom-up scenarios for all of star, galaxy, and galaxy cluster formation, respectively.

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Question 11

Name and describe one candidate for hot dark matter and one for cold dark matter.Be certain to explain why each is a dark matter candidate.

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Question 12

What would be the observed wavelength for the Lyman-alpha emission at 121.6 nm from the distant galaxy at redshift z =8.68?

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Question 13

What stage in the evolution of the universe is coined "the epoch of reionization," and what is the significance of this name?

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Question 14

Explain why a galaxy can collapse to a much smaller size than its dark matter halo.

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Question 15

What is the fundamental difference between the two "temperatures" of dark matter candidates? List an example of each type.

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Question 16

What was temperature and wavelength of the cosmic background blackbody signature at the epoch of reionization, about 400 million years after Big Bang (z ~ 11)?

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Question 17

An astronomer wants to study the epoch of reionization, which occurred roughly in the range of 6 $\lt$ z $\lt$11.What range of wavelength must the astronomer be able to detect corresponding to light emitted at 500 nm?

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Question 18

The Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) that will be attached to the James Webb Space Telescope covers the wavelength range of 5-28 microns.Calculate over what redshift range it can detect the 500 nm photons emitted by galaxies.

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Question 19

Explain why the physics of formation of second-generation stars is more complex than that of the first generation.

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Question 20

What was the cooling mechanism that allowed the first stars to form?

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Quiz 23: Large-Scale Structure in the Universe

Neutrinos can be considered a form of dark matter.Describe what properties make neutrinos suitable dark matter candidates, and explain whether they can be considered hot or cold dark matter.

How do astronomers explain the formation of elliptical galaxies?

In the immediate aftermath of the recombination epoch, neutral hydrogen produced 21-cm photons.What would be the corresponding observed wavelength (at the present epoch) for such photons emitted at redshift z ~ 100?

Why do astronomers think that cold dark matter (as opposed to hot dark matter) is the primary component of dark matter in galaxies?

How are the observed properties of the CMB leading to the idea that dark matter plays a crucial role in the formation of structure in the universe?

Outline a few fundamental differences between the formation of the very first stars and that of the second or subsequent generations.

Explain why dark matter dominates the halos of galaxies but does not play a role in the formation of small structures (stars, planets, etc.) within galaxies.

What are the "Dark Ages" in cosmology?

The image below shows faint high-redshift galaxy GN-z11(enlarged in inset), with a redshift of z =11.1.Why are images like this relatively rare, and interesting to astronomers?

Explain and contrast the top-down and bottom-up scenarios for all of star, galaxy, and galaxy cluster formation, respectively.

Name and describe one candidate for hot dark matter and one for cold dark matter.Be certain to explain why each is a dark matter candidate.

What would be the observed wavelength for the Lyman-alpha emission at 121.6 nm from the distant galaxy at redshift z =8.68?

What stage in the evolution of the universe is coined "the epoch of reionization," and what is the significance of this name?

Explain why a galaxy can collapse to a much smaller size than its dark matter halo.

What is the fundamental difference between the two "temperatures" of dark matter candidates? List an example of each type.

What was temperature and wavelength of the cosmic background blackbody signature at the epoch of reionization, about 400 million years after Big Bang (z ~ 11)?

An astronomer wants to study the epoch of reionization, which occurred roughly in the range of 6 $\lt$ z $\lt$ 11.What range of wavelength must the astronomer be able to detect corresponding to light emitted at 500 nm?

The Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) that will be attached to the James Webb Space Telescope covers the wavelength range of 5-28 microns.Calculate over what redshift range it can detect the 500 nm photons emitted by galaxies.

Explain why the physics of formation of second-generation stars is more complex than that of the first generation.

What was the cooling mechanism that allowed the first stars to form?

Quiz 23: Large-Scale Structure in the Universe

Neutrinos can be considered a form of dark matter.Describe what properties make neutrinos suitable dark matter candidates, and explain whether they can be considered hot or cold dark matter.

How do astronomers explain the formation of elliptical galaxies?

In the immediate aftermath of the recombination epoch, neutral hydrogen produced 21-cm photons.What would be the corresponding observed wavelength (at the present epoch) for such photons emitted at redshift z ~ 100?

Why do astronomers think that cold dark matter (as opposed to hot dark matter) is the primary component of dark matter in galaxies?

How are the observed properties of the CMB leading to the idea that dark matter plays a crucial role in the formation of structure in the universe?

Outline a few fundamental differences between the formation of the very first stars and that of the second or subsequent generations.

Explain why dark matter dominates the halos of galaxies but does not play a role in the formation of small structures (stars, planets, etc.) within galaxies.

What are the "Dark Ages" in cosmology?

The image below shows faint high-redshift galaxy GN-z11(enlarged in inset), with a redshift of z =11.1.Why are images like this relatively rare, and interesting to astronomers?

Explain and contrast the top-down and bottom-up scenarios for all of star, galaxy, and galaxy cluster formation, respectively.

Name and describe one candidate for hot dark matter and one for cold dark matter.Be certain to explain why each is a dark matter candidate.

What would be the observed wavelength for the Lyman-alpha emission at 121.6 nm from the distant galaxy at redshift z =8.68?

What stage in the evolution of the universe is coined "the epoch of reionization," and what is the significance of this name?

Explain why a galaxy can collapse to a much smaller size than its dark matter halo.

What is the fundamental difference between the two "temperatures" of dark matter candidates? List an example of each type.

What was temperature and wavelength of the cosmic background blackbody signature at the epoch of reionization, about 400 million years after Big Bang (z ~ 11)?

An astronomer wants to study the epoch of reionization, which occurred roughly in the range of 6 <\lt< z <\lt< 11.What range of wavelength must the astronomer be able to detect corresponding to light emitted at 500 nm?

The Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) that will be attached to the James Webb Space Telescope covers the wavelength range of 5-28 microns.Calculate over what redshift range it can detect the 500 nm photons emitted by galaxies.

Explain why the physics of formation of second-generation stars is more complex than that of the first generation.

What was the cooling mechanism that allowed the first stars to form?

An astronomer wants to study the epoch of reionization, which occurred roughly in the range of 6 $\lt$ z $\lt$ 11.What range of wavelength must the astronomer be able to detect corresponding to light emitted at 500 nm?