Question 1

Which type of absorption occurs when a nitroglycerin tablet is dissolved under the tongue to dilate coronary arteries and relieve the pain of angina pectoris?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membrane absorption occurs when a substance is absorbed through the moist tissues lining the mouth, such as under the tongue. Nitroglycerin is commonly administered in this manner for the management of angina pectoris.

Question 2

Where are most oral medications absorbed?

Accepted Answer

Most oral medications are absorbed in the small intestine, where there is a large surface area for absorption and a rich blood supply. The liver is involved in the metabolism of many drugs, but absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine. Direct absorption into the bloodstream without passing through the small intestine is uncommon.

Question 3

What occurs when a patient has a reduced responsiveness to one drug and becomes resistant to other, similar drugs?

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes cross tolerance, which occurs when a patient's reduced responsiveness to one drug also results in decreased responsiveness to other drugs that act similarly in the body. Acquired tolerance refers specifically to a patient's increased tolerance to a particular drug over time, while physical dependence is characterized by withdrawal symptoms if the drug is suddenly discontinued.

Question 4

Simon Anderson, a 42-year-old patient undergoing treatment for cancer of the colon, mentions to Kathy that he wants to investigate alternative treatment therapies. Explain the three primary alternative therapies discussed in your text as a way of responding to this patient's needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Simon Anderson, a 42-year-old patient undergoing treatment...

Question 5

Kathy has been asked to train a new medical assistant in office procedures aimed at preventing drug abuse. Summarize at least three instructions she should include.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kathy has been asked to train a...

Question 6

A drug that has affinity for a target cell recipient and produces a functional change in the cell is classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

An agonist is a drug that binds to a receptor and activates it to produce a biological response similar to that of an endogenous ligand. This produces a functional change in the target cell. Receptors and antagonists also bind to target cells, but they do not produce a functional change in the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following parenteral routes of administration are outside the unlicensed medical assistant's scope of practice?

Accepted Answer

Parenteral routes that are outside the medical assistant's scope of practice include:
Intravenous, Intrathecal, or intraspinal, injections are used for spinal anesthesia and to administer certain medications into the spinal column. Intra-articular injections are used to administer corticosteroids into joints. Intralesional medications are injected directly into a lesion, such as an anticancer drug that is administered into a cancerous tumor.

Question 8

Kathy is taking a medication history from an elderly patient who has been prescribed multiple medications by his PCP as well as several specialists. During the history, Kathy discovers the patient also takes a number of OTC drugs. What patient education information about OTC drugs should Kathy share with this patient?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kathy is taking a medication history from...

Question 9

To safeguard patients from potentially negative drug interactions, it is important to

Accepted Answer

To safeguard patients from potentially negative drug interactions, it is important at each visit to record a complete list of all drugs the patient is taking, including OTC medications and herbal products.

Question 10

Which type of drugs alters the function of a cell by affecting the physical properties of the cell membrane rather than altering biochemical processes within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anesthetics alter the function of a cell by affecting the physical properties of the cell membrane, such as by interfering with the movement of ions across the membrane, rather than by directly altering biochemical processes within the cell. Antibiotics, antihistamines, and diuretics all work by directly affecting biochemical processes within the cell.

Question 11

Drugs used to increase urinary output and to reduce blood pressure are __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Drugs used to increase urinary output and...

Question 12

Kathy is responsible for orienting a new medical assistant to the practice. Summarize the important points about government regulation of controlled substance prescriptions that she should include in the orientation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kathy is responsible for orienting a new...

Question 13

If a patient has previously responded to an orally administered drug but is no longer responding, what is an important question to ask?

Accepted Answer

Asking about the food-medication cycle is important as some medications may need to be taken with food or at a certain time of day for optimal absorption and effectiveness. If the patient has not been adhering to these instructions, it could explain why they are no longer responding to the medication.

Question 14

__________ medications are used to delay or block blood clot formation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ medications are used to delay or...

Question 15

Which type of drug administration route is chosen in an emergency for fast action or when larger amounts of medication must be absorbed?

Accepted Answer

The intramuscular (IM) route is chosen in an emergency for fast action or when larger amounts of the medication must be absorbed. The subcutaneous (SC) route is chosen when a slower, prolonged effect is desired.

Question 16

Warfarin is an anticoagulant.

Accepted Answer

Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that is used to prevent blood clots.

Question 17

A(n) __________ is used for the treatment of allergic reactions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) __________ is used for the treatment...

Question 18

Metabolism for oral medications begins in which organ before distribution?

Accepted Answer

The liver is responsible for metabolizing drugs after they are absorbed in the small intestine. The liver chemically modifies drugs to make them easier to excrete, which can make them less effective.

Question 19

Therapeutic drugs treat and cure disorders.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Therapeutic drugs are used to treat and cure disorders.

Question 20

An anesthetic is used primarily to produce the sensation of numbness.

Accepted Answer

Anesthetics are drugs that are used to produce numbness or loss of sensation.

Quiz 26: Principles of Pharmacology