Question 1

_____ holds that there is more to life than its material aspects which must be transcended to achieve true humanity.

Accepted Answer

Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various worldly pleasures, often with the aim of pursuing spiritual goals, suggesting that material aspects must be transcended to achieve true humanity.

Question 2

The view that one should avoid physical gratification and cultivate spiritual values is expressed by:

Accepted Answer

Asceticism is the practice of avoiding physical gratification and cultivating spiritual values.

Question 3

Ethics that are based on telling people to "do this" and to "don't do that" can be described as a(n) _____ system.

Accepted Answer

A legalistic system is based on rules and regulations that tell people what is right and wrong. It is a prescriptive system, where individuals are expected to follow a set of rules and guidelines. It is often found in legal and religious systems, where there are clear codes of conduct that dictate what is permissible and what is not.

Question 4

As an approach to ethics, _____ is concerned with following a moral law, or set of principles, which comes from a source outside the individual, such as religion.

Accepted Answer

Legalism is concerned with following a moral law or set of principles which comes from a source outside the individual, such as religion or the law. It emphasizes the importance of obedience to rules and regulations in one's actions and decision-making.

Question 5

In our everyday lives, we distinguish between categories of right or wrong, good or bad, appropriate or inappropriate, and moral or immoral.Therefore, we are all _____.

Accepted Answer

We are all practical ethicists because we apply ethical principles to make decisions about right and wrong in our daily lives.

Question 6

The word hedonism comes from the Greek word meaning _____.

Accepted Answer

The word "hedonism" is derived from the Greek word "hedone," which means "pleasure."

Question 7

_____ ethics are focused on the rightness or wrongness of specific acts and set forth a series of rules that persons are to follow.

Accepted Answer

Legalistic ethics are focused on specific acts and set forth a series of rules to follow, often based on laws and regulation. Contextual ethics consider the situation or context of an act, while situational ethics prioritize the overall outcome or consequences of an act. Hedonistic ethics prioritize personal pleasure or happiness over any other ethical considerations.

Question 8

Situationism is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Situationism is defined as:
...

Question 9

Ken subscribes to the philosophy exemplified by the expression "If it feels good, do it." He believes in dining at the best places, partying at the most happening clubs, and buying the latest gizmos that are in the market.However, Ken has had hardly any close friends or intimate partners because he does not like to take relationships too seriously.Ken's lifestyle is closest to the ethical system of:

Accepted Answer

Ken's lifestyle is closest to hedonism, which is the pursuit of pleasure and self-indulgence as the primary goal.

Question 10

A person or group who would take a(n) _____ approach to life would say "Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we die." As part of their philosophy, they would also place a high importance on the enjoyment of sex in life.

Accepted Answer

A hedonistic approach to life emphasizes the pursuit of pleasure and enjoyment, including indulgence in food, drink, and sex.

Question 11

Marian leads a life of promiscuity, deriving pleasure from passionate flings that last only a few weeks at best.She has always been a strong believer of "doing what you want, when you feel like it." She avoids forming intimate relationships because she feels they would lead to pain and heartbreak.Which of the following moral systems can be ascribed to Marian?

Accepted Answer

Marian's lifestyle aligns with hedonism, which is the pursuit of pleasure and self-indulgence as the highest good.

Question 12

"Contextual ethics" is another term for:

Accepted Answer

Contextual ethics, also known as situation ethics, is a theory that states that ethical decisions should be based on the particular circumstances of the situation at hand, rather than following strict rules or principles (legalism) or pursuing pleasure or personal gain (hedonism). Asceticism, on the other hand, involves strict self-denial and self-discipline for spiritual or ethical reasons.

Question 13

Hedonism refers to a(n):

Accepted Answer

Hedonism is a moral philosophy that suggests the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain are the primary or most important goals of human life.

Question 14

Harold is a conservative Christian who believes that what is right and wrong has been determined by God in the Bible, and that all should follow these divine laws.Harold's ethical principles can be described as _____.

Accepted Answer

Harold's belief that right and wrong are determined by divine laws in the Bible aligns with legalism, which emphasizes strict adherence to established laws or rules.

Question 15

Identify the type of ethical decision making method which suggests that although there may be broad general guidelines for ethical behavior, each ethical decision should be made according to the individuals and situations involved.

Accepted Answer

Contextual ethics suggests that ethical decisions should be made based on the specific context, individuals, and situations involved, rather than applying absolute rules.

Question 16

In the field of ethical decision making, _____ deals in universal laws.

Accepted Answer

Legalism deals in universal laws, which apply to everyone regardless of personal beliefs or circumstances. Relativism argues that morality is subjective and varies depending on the individual or culture, while situationism emphasizes that ethical decisions should be made based on the context and circumstances of each situation. Hedonism is a philosophy that emphasizes pleasure as the highest good.

Question 17

In ethical decision making, _____ decides matters on a case-by-case basis, informed by certain guiding principles, such as love.

Accepted Answer

Situationism takes into account the context and specifics of each situation, rather than relying on set rules or principles. While love may not be a guiding principle for all situationists, it is an example of a principle that may guide decision making on a case-by-case basis.

Question 18

In their affirmations of celibacy, virginity, and poverty, orders of monks and nuns found in Eastern religions as well as in Christianity are good examples of institutionalized _____.

Accepted Answer

Asceticism is the practice of self-denial and the rejection of worldly pleasures. It is often associated with religious practices, and is seen as a way to achieve spiritual purity.

Question 19

Why is it important to study the relationship of religion to sexuality?

Accepted Answer

Studying the relationship of religion to sexuality helps us understand how religious beliefs and teachings influence sexual norms, behaviors, and attitudes within different cultures and societies.

Question 20

Thomas considers sex to be a "sin of the flesh." He believes that true spiritual purity can only be attained by denying the body's need for physical pleasures and he leads the life of a celibate.Which of the following moral systems can be ascribed to Thomas?

Accepted Answer

Asceticism is a moral system that emphasizes self-discipline and abstention from physical pleasures, often for spiritual or religious reasons. Thomas's belief in denying physical pleasures aligns with ascetic principles.

Quiz 19: Ethics, Religion, and Sexuality