Question 1

Primary schools began to be built in Europe and the United States

Accepted Answer

Primary schools began to be built in Europe and the United States in the nineteenth century.

Question 2

Until the first few decades of the nineteenth century,most of the world's population had no schooling whatsoever.According to the textbook,why did universal education develop?

Accepted Answer

Universal education developed primarily due to the demands of the rapidly expanding industrial economy, which required an educated and capable workforce.

Question 3

As the industrial economy rapidly expanded,why was it impossible for work skills to be passed on directly from parents to children?

Accepted Answer

As the industrial economy expanded, occupations became more specialized, requiring specific skills and knowledge that could not be directly passed from parents to children without formal training or education.

Question 4

What is a latent function of school?

Accepted Answer

Latent functions are the unintended or less obvious functions of an institution. Teaching students to sit quietly for long hours and to respect authority is a latent function of school, as it is not the primary purpose but an indirect outcome of the schooling process.

Question 5

Which theory of education argues that a high school diploma or college degree becomes a signaling device that matters more for predicting later attainment than what the student learned in school?

Accepted Answer

Credentialism theory argues that the diploma or degree serves as a signal to employers about a person's abilities and potential, often outweighing the actual skills or knowledge gained.

Question 6

From the findings of Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson's research,we can conclude that

Accepted Answer

Rosenthal and Jacobson's research demonstrated the "Pygmalion effect," where students who are expected to perform well by their teachers often achieve better results, as these expectations can positively influence their performance.

Question 7

Tracking is the practice of

Accepted Answer

Tracking refers to the educational practice of grouping students based on their perceived abilities or academic performance to tailor instruction accordingly.

Question 8

Sofia believes that differences in achievement test scores reflect the children's backgrounds,not the material resources provided in schools.Her view most closely resembles the conclusions of which of the following studies?

Accepted Answer

James Coleman's studies on "between school effects" concluded that family background and socioeconomic status have a greater impact on student achievement than the material resources provided by schools.

Question 9

The term school has its origins in a Greek word meaning

Accepted Answer

The term "school" comes from the Greek word "scholē," which originally meant "leisure" or "recreation," reflecting the idea of learning as a leisurely pursuit.

Question 10

Daniel's mother worries about the environment at the local public school,so she teaches him at their house.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of home schooling, where a child is educated at home rather than in a traditional public or private school setting.

Question 11

One detailed review of nearly three dozen studies of student-teacher interactions found that

Accepted Answer

The review found that interactions with male students were more likely to be negative, indicating a bias in how teachers interact with male versus female students.

Question 12

According to Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis (1976),what brought about the expansion of education?

Accepted Answer

Bowles and Gintis argued that the expansion of education was driven by employers' needs for workers with specific personality traits that are cultivated in schools, aligning with the requirements of a capitalist economy.

Question 13

Journalist Jonathan Kozol notes in his 2012 book Fire in the Ashes that

Accepted Answer

Jonathan Kozol highlights the disparities in educational opportunities between schools that are geographically close, emphasizing the inequality in resources and quality of education.

Question 14

Tatsuki is applying for a job that requires a bachelor's degree that thirty years ago required only a high school diploma.This example illustrates the growing impact of

Accepted Answer

Credentialism refers to the increasing demand for higher educational qualifications for jobs that previously required lower levels of education. This trend is evident in Tatsuki's situation, where a job that once required only a high school diploma now requires a bachelor's degree.

Question 15

What has happened in recent years with respect to school segregation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What has happened in recent years with...

Question 16

What is a reason why many sociologists argued that Kozol's book Fire in the Ashes provides an inaccurate and incomplete view of educational inequality?

Accepted Answer

Kozol's book was criticized for selection bias because he did not use a systematic method to choose the schools he studied, which could lead to an incomplete and potentially inaccurate portrayal of educational inequality.

Question 17

"Between-school effects" refers to

Accepted Answer

"Between-school effects" refers to the differences in educational outcomes and resources between different schools, often highlighting disparities in quality and opportunities.

Question 18

Today,_____ of the population ages fifteen and older in the least-developed countries are illiterate.

Accepted Answer

According to UNESCO data, approximately 37 percent of the population aged fifteen and older in the least-developed countries are illiterate.

Question 19

Identify the statement about education that aligns with functionalist theory.

Accepted Answer

Education must teach the citizens of a nation the common tools necessary to succeed in that nation, such as language, literacy, and math, aligns with functionalist theory because it emphasizes the role of education in preparing individuals for their roles in society.

Question 20

Lukas believes that large differences in school funding leads to vastly different educational opportunities and outcomes.His view most closely mirrors which of the following studies?

Accepted Answer

Jonathan Kozol's "Savage Inequalities" focuses on the disparities in school funding and the resulting differences in educational opportunities and outcomes.

Quiz 12: Education and Religion