Question 1

The ____________ method of measuring reliability also involves measuring the same attribute more than once, but it uses two different measures of the same concept rather than the same measure.

Accepted Answer

The alternate-form method involves using two different forms of a test to measure the same concept, ensuring that the reliability is not due to the specific items used in a single test form.

Question 2

A variable that measures education on a scale that includes (0) none, (1) less than college, (2) college, (3) more than college, is an example of the _________ level of measurement.

Accepted Answer

Ordinal data is data that can be ranked or ordered, but the differences between the values are not necessarily equal. In this case, the education variable can be ranked from 0 to 3, but the difference between 0 and 1 is not necessarily the same as the difference between 2 and 3.

Question 3

The results of interitem association tests are often displayed in a ________. Such a display shows how strongly related each of the items in the measurement scheme is to all the other items.

Accepted Answer

A correlation matrix is used to display the strength of relationships between multiple items, showing how each item correlates with every other item.

Question 4

Imagine that you were to test a variable of your own design measuring ideology for validity. What tests might you use, how would each test confirm validity, and what problems might you encounter in establishing validity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that you were to test a...

Question 5

________ validity involves determining the full domain or meaning of a particular concept and then making sure that measures of all portions of this domain are included in the measurement technique.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ validity involves determining the full domain...

Question 6

A variable that measures education in number of years is an example of the _________ level of measurement.

Accepted Answer

The ratio level of measurement is used for variables that have a true zero point and equal intervals, such as years of education, where zero indicates the absence of education.

Question 7

A ____________ measure is one that yields the same results on repeated trials.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, meaning it yields the same results on repeated trials.

Question 8

Deciding how to measure the presence, absence, or amount of concepts in the real world for use in an empirical investigation is the process of providing a(n) ________________ definition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deciding how to measure the presence, absence,...

Question 9

A __________ is a method of accumulating scores on individual items to form a composite measure of a complex phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

A summation index is a method of accumulating scores on individual items to form a composite measure of a complex phenomenon.

Question 10

A ___________ is a multi-item measure in which respondents are presented with increasingly difficult measures of approval for an attitude

Accepted Answer

A Guttman scale is designed to measure a single trait or attitude by presenting items in increasing order of difficulty or intensity, where agreement with a higher-order item implies agreement with all lower-order items.

Question 11

The __________ method of measuring reliability involves two measures of the same concept, with both measures applied at the same time. The results of the two measures are then compared.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ method of measuring reliability involves...

Question 12

A(n) ___________ measurement assumes that a comparison can be made on which observations have more or less of a particular attribute.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) ___________ measurement assumes that a comparison...

Question 13

Which level of measurement below best describes a variable for which the assigned values represent only different categories or classifications for that variable?

Accepted Answer

Nominal level of measurement is used when the assigned values represent only different categories or classifications for that variable.

Question 14

Which type of validity involves two measures which theoretically are expected not to be related and thus the correlation between them is expected to be low or weak?

Accepted Answer

Discriminant validity involves ensuring that measures that are not supposed to be related are actually unrelated, thus expecting a low or weak correlation between them.

Question 15

______ is a type of measurement error that results in systematically over- or under-measuring the value of a concept.

Accepted Answer

Bias is a type of measurement error that consistently skews the results in one direction, leading to systematic over- or under-measurement of a concept.

Question 16

A __________ score is calculated from the scores obtained on individual items. Each item generally asks a respondent to indicate a degree of agreement or disagreement with the item.

Accepted Answer

A Likert scale is a psychometric scale commonly used in questionnaires to measure attitudes or opinions, where respondents specify their level of agreement or disagreement with each item.

Question 17

Which type of validity is demonstrated when a measure of a concept is related to a measure of another concept with which the original concept is thought to be related?

Accepted Answer

Construct validity is demonstrated when a measure of a concept is related to a measure of another concept with which the original concept is thought to be related, indicating that the measure accurately reflects the theoretical construct.

Question 18

_______________ tests validity by relying on the similarity of outcomes of more than one measure of a concept to demonstrate the validity of the entire measurement scheme.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ tests validity by relying on the...

Question 19

A(n) ____________ variable has only two categories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) ____________ variable has only two categories.
...

Question 20

Why are reliability and validity threats to the accuracy of measures? In your answer please define both terms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are reliability and validity threats to...

Quiz 5: The Building Blocks of Social Scientific Research: Measurement