Question 1

When developing flavor aversions,organisms ______.

Accepted Answer

Organisms develop flavor aversions based on the salience of the stimulus, meaning they are more likely to develop aversions to stimuli that are more noticeable or significant to them, such as taste or smell, rather than just visual or tactile information.

Question 2

A rat is placed in a cage with three foods.The rat first tastes Food A (which has a nausea inducing substance),then it tastes Food B,and finally it tastes Food C.According to concurrent interference theory,which food should the rat become aversive to?

Accepted Answer

According to concurrent interference theory, the rat will associate the nausea with the first food it tasted, which is Food A, because the aversive experience is most strongly linked to the initial taste.

Question 3

A rat nibbles on a new food item to check it out.Several hours later,the rat becomes sick.As a consequence,he never eats that food item again.This is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

This scenario is an example of long-delay learning, where an animal associates a specific taste with illness even after a long delay between the consumption and the onset of sickness.

Question 4

Skinner observed that pigeons,when performing certain tasks,would often display ritualistic behaviors that were unnecessary for reinforcement.Skinner called these behaviors ______ behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Skinner referred to these unnecessary ritualistic behaviors as "superstitious" behaviors, as the pigeons associated them with receiving reinforcement even though they were not required.

Question 5

Which is more salient when preceding an illness in birds?

Accepted Answer

Visual cues are often more salient in detecting illness in birds, as changes in appearance or behavior can be more immediately noticeable.

Question 6

What causes schedule-induced behavior?

Accepted Answer

Schedule-induced behavior is caused by reinforcement, as it occurs when a behavior is inadvertently reinforced by the schedule of reinforcement itself.

Question 7

The concurrent interference view of flavor aversion learning claims that ______.

Accepted Answer

The concurrent interference view suggests that flavor aversion learning is disrupted if the animal consumes other foods between the initial food and the resulting illness, as this interference affects the association between the specific flavor and the illness.

Question 8

Faulk deprived rats of food,then trained them to bar press for food reinforcement.When water was available in the operant chamber,the animals consumed excessive amounts of water.This is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Schedule-induced polydipsia is a phenomenon where animals exhibit excessive drinking behavior when subjected to a schedule of intermittent food reinforcement, as seen in Faulk's experiment with rats.

Question 9

A rat is placed in a cage with food.The rat then tastes the food,(which has a nausea inducing substance).Then the rat is exposed to a low-intensity noise.Finally,the rat is exposed to the color pink.According to concurrent interference theory,which item should the rat become aversive to?

Accepted Answer

The rat will become aversive to the color pink because it is the most novel stimulus in the situation.

Question 10

Cancer patients often show aversions to specific foods eaten prior to chemotherapy.How might this aversion be prevented?

Accepted Answer

The aversion to specific foods eaten prior to chemotherapy is likely due to the association of those foods with the nausea and vomiting caused by the chemotherapy. By having the patient consume the food without illness prior to beginning chemotherapy, this association can be broken and the aversion can be prevented.

Question 11

Kalat and Rozin proposed a model of flavor aversion learning which claims that ______.

Accepted Answer

Kalat and Rozin's model suggests that animals learn that a food is safe to eat when they consume it and no illness follows, reinforcing the safety of the food.

Question 12

One day,in his cage,my parrot became sick.Since then,he always becomes sick when he is exposed to that particular item.What might that item be?

Accepted Answer

Seeing an object can trigger a conditioned response in the parrot, leading to sickness.

Question 13

Schedule-induced behavior in humans ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Schedule-induced behavior in humans ______.
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Question 14

Which schedule is potentially responsible for some individuals' excessive consumption of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which schedule is potentially responsible for some...

Question 15

Schedule-induced behavior is most often seen in ______.

Accepted Answer

Schedule-induced behavior, also known as adjunctive behavior, is most often seen in fixed interval schedules where a predictable time-based reinforcement leads to the development of additional behaviors.

Question 16

Which is more salient when preceding an illness in rats?

Accepted Answer

Food is more salient when preceding an illness in rats due to their strong taste aversion learning, where they associate the taste of food with the subsequent illness.

Question 17

Schedule-induced polydipsia is a good animal model for human alcoholism because ______.

Accepted Answer

Schedule-induced polydipsia is considered a good model for human alcoholism because it encompasses all these behaviors: excessive alcohol consumption, development of tolerance, and preference for alcohol over other solutions.

Question 18

A rat nibbles on a new food item to check it out.Several hours later,the rat becomes sick.As a consequence,he never eats that food item again.Which model best explains why the rat never eats that food item again?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A rat nibbles on a new food...

Question 19

According to Staddon and Simmelhag's analysis of superstitious behavior in pigeons,______ behavior refers to the elicitation of responses appropriate to the receipt of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

Terminal behavior refers to responses that occur as the time for reinforcement approaches, often resembling the behavior that would occur upon receiving the reinforcement.

Question 20

Various theories have attempted to explain long-delay flavor aversion learning.Which is one of these?

Accepted Answer

Concurrent interference theory suggests that the presence of other stimuli or events during the delay period can interfere with the association between the flavor and the aversive outcome, explaining how long-delay flavor aversion learning can occur.

Quiz 8: Biological Influences on Learning