Question 1

Alex is playing in a room with his mother nearby.Alex becomes distressed when a stranger enters the room and rushes to his mother's side.When his mother and the stranger leave the room for a moment,Alex wails and cries.However,when his mother returns,he runs to her,and instead of giving her a hug,he punches her in the arm.What type of attachment pattern is Alex demonstrating?

Accepted Answer

Alex's behavior of seeking comfort from his mother but also showing anger by punching her is indicative of ambivalent attachment, where the child is unsure about the caregiver's availability and may show mixed feelings of seeking closeness and expressing anger.

Question 2

Children who show the __________ attachment pattern show inconsistent,contradictory,and confused behavior,such as approaching the mother when she returns but not looking at her.

Accepted Answer

The disorganized-disoriented attachment pattern is characterized by inconsistent, contradictory, and confused behavior, such as approaching the mother when she returns but not looking at her. The ambivalent attachment pattern is characterized by clingy and needy behavior, while the avoidant attachment pattern is characterized by avoidance of the mother and a lack of emotion when she returns. The secure attachment pattern is characterized by a healthy balance of dependence and independence and a positive response to the mother's return.

Question 3

Romeo seems indifferent to the presence or absence of his mother as he plays.When she leaves the room to answer the telephone,Romeo barely notices and doesn't seem particularly distressed.What attachment style has Romeo developed with his mother?

Accepted Answer

Romeo's indifference to his mother's presence or absence suggests an avoidant attachment style, where the child shows little emotional response to the caregiver's departure or return.

Question 4

What percentage of 1-year-olds fall into the ambivalent attachment classification?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that approximately 10 to 15 percent of 1-year-olds exhibit ambivalent attachment, characterized by anxiety and uncertainty in their relationship with their caregiver.

Question 5

A child who does not seek proximity to the mother and,after she leaves the room,does not look distressed,is exhibiting __________.

Accepted Answer

The child is showing avoidant attachment, characterized by indifference towards the caregiver and lack of distress when the caregiver leaves.

Question 6

What conclusion did Harry Harlow reach based on his research with infant monkeys?

Accepted Answer

Harry Harlow's research demonstrated that infant monkeys preferred spending time with a soft, comforting surrogate mother over a wire mother that provided food, highlighting the importance of contact comfort over basic needs like food in forming attachments.

Question 7

Which term refers to psychological problems that arise when the development of attachment has been severely disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Reactive attachment disorder is a condition that arises from severe disruption in the development of attachment, often due to neglect or inconsistent caregiving.

Question 8

Nine-month-old Todd and ten-month-old Roy are sitting in the play area together at their daycare center.They smile at each other and present and accept toys from each other.Their behavior is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Their behavior is an example of infant sociability, which refers to the ability of infants to engage in social interactions with peers, such as smiling and sharing toys.

Question 9

When a caregiver responds appropriately to an infant,and the caregiver and the child's emotional states match,it is called __________.

Accepted Answer

Interactional synchrony refers to the coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant, where their emotional states and behaviors are in sync.

Question 10

When a child demonstrates the kind of attachment in which the mother is used as a "home base" and the child is at ease when she is present,but the child gets upset when she leaves,it is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

This is known as the secure attachment pattern, where the child feels comfortable exploring their environment while using the caregiver as a secure base and shows distress when the caregiver leaves.

Question 11

Why has the role of fathers been given comparatively little attention in the research literature of attachment theory?

Accepted Answer

Attachment theory was developed during a period when societal norms and traditional views emphasized the mother's role as the primary caregiver, leading to less focus on fathers in early research.

Question 12

Newborn goslings have an innate tendency to follow the first moving object they see after being hatched.Which researcher observed this behavior that takes place during a critical period for the gosling?

Accepted Answer

Konrad Lorenz is the researcher who observed and described the phenomenon of imprinting in goslings, where they follow the first moving object they see, typically during a critical period shortly after hatching.

Question 13

Which attachment style is characterized by high degrees of distress and agitation under a variety of circumstances?

Accepted Answer

Ambivalent attachment is characterized by high levels of distress and agitation, especially when separated from caregivers or in uncertain situations.

Question 14

What is considered the hallmark of secure attachment?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment is characterized by the caregiver being sensitive, responsive, and affectionate, which helps the child feel safe and understood.

Question 15

What is the term for a sequence of staged episodes that reveals the strength of attachment between a child and a caregiver?

Accepted Answer

The Ainsworth Strange Situation is a procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and child.

Question 16

How do developmentalists conceptualize attachment?

Accepted Answer

Developmentalists conceptualize attachment as the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual, typically a caregiver, which is crucial for the child's social and emotional development.

Question 17

Which structures in the brain are activated when a person observes someone performing a behavior?

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are activated when a person observes someone else performing a behavior, as they are thought to play a role in understanding and imitating actions.

Question 18

When a child experiences pleasure with a person,or experiences comfort from that person when in distress,it is said that the child has __________.

Accepted Answer

Forming an attachment involves the child feeling a sense of security, comfort and trust with the person, which can develop through experiencing pleasure or comfort with that person. Choice A suggests a more informal relationship, while choices C and D are too specific and not universal enough to apply to all situations.

Question 19

The propensity of 10-month-old Chester to tug at the straps on his beanie,remove his hat,and inspire the other children at the daycare center to repeat the same actions is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

Chester's actions demonstrate social learning, where infants observe and imitate behaviors. This is not a behavior problem or distress but rather an example of how infants can influence each other through imitation.

Question 20

The dysfunction of __________ may be related to the development of disorders involving theory of mind,such as autism.

Accepted Answer

Mirror neurons are believed to play a role in understanding others' actions and intentions, which is a key component of theory of mind. Dysfunction in these neurons has been linked to autism.

Quiz 9: Social and Emotional Development