Question 1

Three of the following are accurate statements about cheating in the classroom. Which one is not necessarily accurate?

Accepted Answer

Research and observations in educational psychology suggest that students' likelihood to cheat is influenced by their goals (performance vs. mastery), perceptions of assessment relevance, and perceived fairness or reasonableness of teacher expectations. However, the perception of a teacher as lenient or a "softie" does not directly correlate with increased cheating. In fact, students might cheat less if they believe they can achieve a good grade without resorting to dishonesty.

Question 2

Which one of the following assessments is definitely criterion-referenced?

Accepted Answer

A criterion-referenced assessment measures a student's performance against a set standard or specific criteria, not against other students. In option B, John's math test provides scores based on his knowledge of specific topics (fractions, decimals, and proportions), which aligns with criterion-referenced assessment.

Question 3

Last year Kanya immigrated to this country from Thailand. Although she now feels comfortable speaking English in everyday conversations,she still has only a limited knowledge of English vocabulary,and she struggles with some of the English language's complex grammatical constructions. Near the end of the school year Kanya must take the same standardized set of achievement tests that her classmates take. For Kanya,we might reasonably suspect that the tests will:

Accepted Answer

The tests may be culturally biased because they may not account for Kanya's background and limited English proficiency, potentially affecting her performance.

Question 4

Which one of the following statements best characterizes the effects of test anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A small amount of anxiety can increase alertness and motivation, which may enhance performance, whereas too much anxiety can be detrimental.

Question 5

Which one of the following teachers is definitely scoring students' performance in a norm-referenced manner?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Wyman is using a norm-referenced grading system by ranking students and assigning grades based on their relative performance compared to each other.

Question 6

In which of the following situations would criterion-referenced scores always be more appropriate than norm-referenced scores?

Accepted Answer

Criterion-referenced scores are used to measure a student's mastery of a specific set of skills or knowledge, independent of the performance of other students. In this case, pretesting students' knowledge to understand where to begin instruction is a situation where it is more appropriate to use criterion-referenced scores rather than norm-referenced scores. The other options involve comparing the performance of students to other students and are therefore situations where norm-referenced scores would be more appropriate.

Question 7

Ms. Beloit wants to describe her students' performance on a classroom achievement test in a way that her students can understand,so she scores it in terms of the percentage of correct items. Which type of score is Ms. Beloit using?

Accepted Answer

A raw score is the number of questions answered correctly, often expressed as a percentage, which directly indicates the student's performance on the test.

Question 8

In Ms. Chapman's math class,students who take a classroom assessment receive scores of either "Mastered" or "Not mastered" in four different areas: addition,subtraction,multiplication,and division. What type of scores is Ms. Chapman using?

Accepted Answer

Ms. Chapman is using criterion-referenced scores because the scores indicate whether students have achieved a specific level of mastery in each area, rather than comparing them to other students.

Question 9

Which one of the following is something a teacher should consider when deciding whether to use criterion-referenced scores or norm-referenced scores to reflect what students have learned on a classroom assessment?

Accepted Answer

Norm-referenced scores are useful for assessing complex skills by comparing students to a broader group, rather than measuring mastery against specific criteria.

Question 10

On the day you give a paper-pencil test,your classroom is unusually cold and a construction crew is working noisily just outside the building. For which one of the following students are such conditions likely to adversely affect test performance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of On the day you give a paper-pencil...

Question 11

Which one of the following statements is most likely to keep students' anxiety about a classroom assessment at a facilitative level?

Accepted Answer

This statement frames the quiz as a tool for feedback and learning, rather than as a high-stakes evaluation, which can help reduce anxiety and encourage a growth mindset.

Question 12

The four students below have just received feedback about their test performance. With the textbook's discussion of assessment and feedback in mind,choose the student who is most likely to benefit from the feedback he or she has received.

Accepted Answer

Kerrie received specific feedback that identifies what she has mastered and what she needs to work on, which is more actionable and constructive compared to the other feedback given.

Question 13

If you have implemented a mastery learning program in your classroom,the most appropriate types of test scores to use when assessing students' achievement would be:

Accepted Answer

Mastery learning programs focus on students meeting specific learning goals or criteria. Therefore, criterion-referenced scores, which measure how well a student has achieved a set of specific learning objectives, would be the most appropriate type of test scores to use in assessing achievement. Norm-referenced scores compare a student's performance to that of a larger group of students, which is less relevant in a mastery learning program. Raw scores only provide information on the number of items answered correctly and do not provide information on specific learning criteria. Subjective scores, such as teacher observations or essays, may be useful in assessing certain aspects of a student's learning but may not be appropriate for measuring mastery of specific learning objectives.

Question 14

The four teachers below are using a mastery learning approach in their classrooms. With the textbook's discussion of classroom assessment practices in mind,choose the teacher who has the best policy regarding retakes of assessments.

Accepted Answer

Mr. Firenze's approach ensures that students have another opportunity to demonstrate mastery while maintaining the integrity of the assessment by using a similar but not identical test.

Question 15

A parent of one of your students,Mr. Jones,criticizes the fact that you base your grades partly on students' paper-pencil test scores. You need to defend your use of such tests as a way of evaluating students. Three of the following are appropriate ways you might respond to Mr. Jones's concern. Which statement is not accurate?

Accepted Answer

Tests rarely have perfect reliability; there is always some degree of measurement error.

Question 16

Occasionally students may be tempted to cheat during a formal classroom assessment. With the textbook's recommendations in mind,choose the best strategy for addressing cheating.

Accepted Answer

Keeping a watchful eye and imposing reasonable consequences when cheating occurs is a balanced approach that maintains fairness and integrity without being overly punitive or ignoring the issue.

Question 17

In 1974 the U.S. Congress passed the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act. This act makes which one of these common classroom practices illegal?

Accepted Answer

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) protects the privacy of student education records, and posting grades by social security numbers would violate this privacy.

Question 18

Three of the following are advantages of giving classroom assessments frequently rather than infrequently. Which statement is not accurate?

Accepted Answer

Frequent assessments can still tax students' long-term memory capabilities as they require regular recall and application of knowledge.

Question 19

Which one of the following teachers is most likely to score his or her essay tests validly and reliably?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Achziger's method of identifying components and awarding points for each ensures a consistent and objective scoring system, enhancing both validity and reliability.

Question 20

Only one of the following practices is permissible under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Which one?

Accepted Answer

FERPA allows parents to access their children's educational records, so sharing a student's school records with parents upon their request is permissible.

Quiz 10: Assessment Strategies