Question 1

Which one of the following best illustrates a worldview at work?

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects a worldview that believes in a personal God who punishes individuals for their actions. It also implies a belief in a moral universe where actions have consequences. The other options do not necessarily reflect a specific worldview. B is simply an expression of curiosity about the ocean, C is a humorous exaggeration, and D reflects a personal belief but not necessarily a worldview.

Question 2

Which one of the following common expressions best reflects the idea of distributed cognition?

Accepted Answer

Distributed cognition refers to the idea that cognition is not solely located in the individual mind, but rather is distributed across multiple individuals and their environment. The expression "Two heads are better than one" best reflects this idea, as it suggests that collaboration and the sharing of knowledge can lead to better outcomes.

Question 3

Three of the following are likely to give you reasonable clues about a child's cultural background and/or ethnic group membership. Which one is probably least dependable as an indicator of a child's cultural background and ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Physical features are not a reliable indicator of cultural background or ethnicity, as they can vary widely within ethnic groups and do not necessarily reflect cultural practices or beliefs.

Question 4

Distributed cognition can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

Distributed cognition refers to the idea that cognition is not solely an individual activity, but rather a collaborative process that involves the interaction of multiple individuals and their environment.

Question 5

Three of the following are differences that teachers may find among children from some cultural backgrounds. Which behavior is probably not the result of a child's cultural background per se?

Accepted Answer

"Talking back" to authority figures is not typically a result of a child's cultural background, but rather a result of individual personality or family upbringing.

Question 6

When we say that different cultural and ethnic groups have different worldviews,we mean that:

Accepted Answer

Worldview refers to a set of beliefs and values that shape how people perceive and interact with the world around them. Different cultural and ethnic groups may have different underlying assumptions about how the world operates, such as beliefs about the importance of individualism versus collectivism, the role of fate or religion in one's life, or the nature of human relationships. These differences in worldview can lead to variations in behavior, communication, and attitudes towards others.

Question 7

The concept of socialization,as psychologists typically use the term,can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the process by which individuals learn and adopt the behaviors and norms of their culture, shaping them to act and think in ways that are considered appropriate within their society.

Question 8

It is essential that teachers follow through with the reinforcement they have promised for certain student behaviors. Why is such follow-through important?

Accepted Answer

When expected reinforcement doesn't occur, students may feel punished because they were anticipating a reward for their behavior, and the absence of it can be perceived negatively.

Question 9

Three of the following are possible reasons why classroom dialogues help students better understand classroom subject matter. Which one is not necessarily a benefit of classroom dialogues?

Accepted Answer

Classroom dialogues primarily enhance understanding through exposure to diverse perspectives, clarification of ideas, and identification of weaknesses in one's thoughts. Forming visual images is not a direct or necessary benefit of dialogues.

Question 10

Which one of the following examples best illustrates the concept of distributed cognition?

Accepted Answer

Distributed cognition involves multiple individuals working together to solve a problem, sharing and building on each other's ideas, as seen in Edie, Linda, and DeWayne's discussion.

Question 11

As a high school music teacher plays a recording of Ferde Grofé's symphony Grand Canyon Suite for his class,he asks his students to visualize scenes that Grofé tried to capture with music: a sunrise over the Grand Canyon,a burro ride down a winding trail,a thunderstorm,and so on. This lesson could best be described as:

Accepted Answer

The lesson is a mediated learning experience because the teacher is guiding students to interpret and visualize the music in a specific way, helping them to connect the music to visual imagery and enhancing their understanding of the symphony.

Question 12

Which one of the following best describes a mediated learning experience?

Accepted Answer

A mediated learning experience involves an adult or more knowledgeable individual helping a learner understand and make sense of a new situation, which aligns with option D.

Question 13

After explaining what sines and cosines are,a high school math teacher shows students how they might use these concepts in constructing large buildings. Which one of the following principles does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

The scenario illustrates how learners use the cognitive tools of their culture, such as mathematical concepts like sines and cosines, to solve real-world problems, like constructing buildings.

Question 14

John is caught cheating on a homework assignment. He suffers no consequences for doing so,even though cheating is in clear violation of school policy. Given what psychologists have learned about what happens when consequences of learners' behaviors are inconsistent with learners' expectations,which one of the following predictions can we make about John's future behavior?

Accepted Answer

When there are no consequences for cheating, John may perceive that he can continue the behavior without repercussions, leading to an increase in cheating.

Question 15

Two boys are fighting on school grounds during recess. Fighting is against school rules,and the boys know this. Even so,a teacher who sees them lets them continue to fight rather than punishing them for doing so. Judging from what psychologists say regarding what happens when expected punishments don't occur,we can predict that these boys will be:

Accepted Answer

When expected punishments don't occur, it can lead to a reinforcement of the behavior, making the boys more likely to fight in the future.

Question 16

Three of the following statements about culture are true. Which one is false?

Accepted Answer

A culture is not constant and unchanging. It is constantly evolving and changing in response to new ideas, technologies, and other factors.

Question 17

Which one of the following is the best example of a cognitive tool in mainstream Western culture?

Accepted Answer

The concept of pi (π) in a geometry class is a cognitive tool because it is a mental construct that helps in understanding and solving mathematical problems, unlike physical tools like a jigsaw or tennis ball server.

Question 18

Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding individual achievement and competition in many Native American,Mexican American,and Southeast Asian cultures?

Accepted Answer

Many Native American, Mexican American, and Southeast Asian cultures often emphasize community and cooperation over individual competition, leading students to prefer collaborative efforts.

Question 19

Three of the following are typical benefits of group discussions in the classroom. Which one is not a typical benefit when learners discuss classroom material?

Accepted Answer

Class discussions typically focus on depth of understanding and critical thinking rather than speed, so they do not necessarily promote more rapid learning of subject matter.

Question 20

Which one of the following examples best illustrates the idea of situated learning?

Accepted Answer

Situated learning emphasizes learning in context and applying knowledge to real-world situations. Jennie's failure to apply algebra to her physics problem highlights a lack of situated learning, as she doesn't see the connection between the two contexts.

Quiz 4: Learning in Context