Question 1

Most antianxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as__________.

Accepted Answer

Most antianxiety drugs, such as Xanax and Valium, belong to the chemical class known as benzodiazepines.

Question 2

__________is best described as the systematic application of the principles of learning to the direct modification of a client's problem behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy is based on the idea that undesirable behaviors are learned and can be unlearned through the use of specific techniques and strategies. This approach focuses on changing behavior through the application of principles of learning such as conditioning, reinforcement, and punishment. It is a highly structured and goal-oriented therapy that is often used to treat a variety of mental health disorders including anxiety, depression, and addiction.

Question 3

__________was originated by Fritz Perls.

Accepted Answer

Gestalt therapy was originated by Fritz Perls.

Question 4

In the context of psychodynamic therapies, when the superego floods an individual with excessive guilt, _____.

Accepted Answer

When the superego floods an individual with excessive guilt, defenses such as repression and denial are established as a way to cope with the overwhelming feelings of guilt.

Question 5

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise:

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems arise when roadblocks are placed in the path of self-actualization. This means that when individuals are prevented from fully expressing and realizing their potential, they may experience a range of psychological difficulties such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem. Rogers believed that people need certain conditions, such as empathy, acceptance, and genuineness, in order to grow and develop in a healthy way.

Question 6

__________is the tendency to block the free expression of impulses and primitive ideas-a reflection of the defense mechanism of repression.

Accepted Answer

Resistance refers to the blocking or inhibiting of impulses and primitive ideas from entering into conscious awareness. This is often seen in psychoanalytic therapy, where clients may resist talking about certain topics or feelings that are too difficult or uncomfortable to confront. This resistance is believed to be a defense mechanism, specifically repression, which is the unconscious blocking of thoughts or memories.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of behavior therapists?

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists focus on identifying and modifying problematic behaviors to improve clients' overall functioning. They often use techniques such as exposure therapy and behavioral activation to help clients become aware of the circumstances in which maladaptive behaviors occur and to develop healthier behaviors. They do not typically focus on childhood origins or symbolic meanings of behaviors, and may encourage gaining insight into feelings and thoughts associated with behaviors as a way to facilitate change.

Question 8

Jason meets a psychotherapist for the first time. During their session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. In this case, Jason's therapist is using _____.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's belief that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth, and the focus on helping clients get in touch with their genuine feelings, are key principles of client-centered therapy. Family therapy focuses on improving communication and relationships within a family system, behavioral therapy focuses on modifying specific behaviors, and virtual therapy refers to therapy sessions conducted remotely through technology.

Question 9

Raul goes to a psychotherapist because he is suffering from insomnia. The therapist asks him to relax by lying on a couch and encourages him to talk about anything that comes to his mind. The therapist does not use hypnosis. Through this process, the therapist hopes to gain an insight into the unconscious processes in Raul's mind. The therapist is using the technique of _____.

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using the technique of free association, which involves encouraging the patient to express any thoughts or emotions that come to their mind, without censoring or filtering them. This technique is commonly used in psychoanalytic therapy to gain insight into the unconscious processes in the patient's mind.  Hypnosis is not mentioned or used in this scenario, making choices A and C incorrect. Dream analysis also involves exploring the unconscious processes through the analysis of dream content, which is not happening in the scenario, making D incorrect.

Question 10

Which of the following is a similarity between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy?

Accepted Answer

Both client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy recognize the ability of individuals to repress or disown parts of themselves that may be deemed unacceptable by society, and believe that this can lead to psychological distress. Both therapies aim to help individuals reintegrate these disowned parts into their conscious awareness. Options B and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent similarities between these two therapies. Option C is incorrect as Gestalt therapy was not originated by Carl Rogers, but rather by Fritz Perls.

Question 11

Which of the following is a difference between traditional psychoanalysis and humanistic therapies?

Accepted Answer

Traditional psychoanalysis typically focuses on early childhood experiences as the root of current psychological issues, while humanistic therapies focus on the present moment and the individual's current experiences and perceptions. This means that the focus of the therapy is different, with humanistic therapies often emphasizing self-exploration, personal growth, and self-actualization rather than uncovering unconscious conflicts.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is true of catharsis?

Accepted Answer

Catharsis is a process of emotional release that helps alleviate some of the forces assaulting the ego. It allows the person to express their feelings, reduce tension, and achieve a sense of emotional clarity. It does not magnify the forces that assault the superego or support defensive behavior, nor does it help a person repress their sadness.

Question 13

Which of the following is true of cognitive therapy?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to psychological problems. It does not assume that beliefs and attitudes cannot be changed, nor does it involve spiritual approaches or solely attribute psychological problems to childhood trauma.

Question 14

Behavior therapy _____ to directly promote desired behavioral changes.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy is focused on the principles of learning and works to directly promote desired behavioral changes through techniques such as conditioning, reinforcement, and modeling. It does not rely on hereditary principles, symbolic meanings, or childhood origins of problems.

Question 15

In the context of biofeedback training, the _____ is a device that is used to monitor muscle tension.

Accepted Answer

An electromyograph (EMG) is a device commonly used in biofeedback training to monitor muscle tension. It detects electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles and provides feedback to the individual being trained so they can learn to control muscle tension. The other options listed (electroencephalograph, spectroheliograph, and coronagraph) are devices used in other fields and are not related to muscle tension or biofeedback training.

Question 16

Albert Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy methods are _____.

Accepted Answer

Ellis's rational emotive behavior therapy methods are active and directive, meaning that the therapist is actively involved in challenging and changing the client's irrational beliefs and behaviors. The therapist functions as a teacher and coach, guiding the client through the process of identifying and replacing unhealthy thoughts and behaviors with more rational ones.

Question 17

To help people control alcohol intake, tastes of different alcoholic beverages can be paired with drug-induced nausea and vomiting or with electric shock. This best exemplifies _____.

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning involves pairing an undesirable stimulus with a behavior to reduce the occurrence of that behavior. In this case, pairing the taste of alcohol with nausea and vomiting or electric shock is meant to make the person associate the taste of alcohol with an unpleasant experience and therefore reduce their desire to drink it.

Question 18

Joan avoids talking about her troubled marriage with her psychoanalyst. When she is asked to talk about the relationship, she becomes restless and claims, "There is nothing to tell." Which of the following is indicated by Joan's behavior?

Accepted Answer

Joan's behavior suggests resistance, which is a common defense mechanism in psychoanalysis where the patient avoids discussing certain topics that may be uncomfortable or painful to discuss. In this case, Joan avoids talking about her troubled marriage, which may indicate a fear of confronting those issues or a fear of judgment.

Question 19

Mary and Ted, who are in a relationship, are working with a therapist to strengthen the communication between them and to express their insecurities about the relationship. Mary and Ted are most likely participating in _____.

Accepted Answer

Mary and Ted are participating in couple therapy, also known as couples counseling or couples therapy. This type of therapy is designed to address relationship issues and improve communication and intimacy between partners. Social skills training would be more focused on improving interpersonal skills in general, rather than specifically addressing relationship issues. Hypnotherapy and classical conditioning are not typically used in couples therapy.

Question 20

Behavior therapists aid clients in__________.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists focus on helping clients acquire adaptive behavior patterns to replace maladaptive ones. They do not work specifically on resolving conflicts between the ego and the id or superego. They also do not aim to acquire self-defeating behavior patterns.

Quiz 13: Methods of Therapy