Question 1

At which of the following computerized events would a 6-month-old infant look longest?

Accepted Answer

Infants are often surprised by events that violate their expectations. A 6-month-old would likely look longest at option B, where the second square moves after a delay, as it defies the expectation of immediate causality.

Question 2

Which of the following would be evidence to support the conclusion that an infant made an A-not-B error due to motor perseveration?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would be evidence...

Question 3

Baillargeon's studies of infant reactions to possible and impossible events increased our understanding of reasoning about nonvisible events because she relied on:

Accepted Answer

Baillargeon's studies used methods that did not require infants to take action, such as measuring their gaze duration, to infer their understanding of possible versus impossible events.

Question 4

Baillargeon and her colleagues studied infant reasoning about nonvisible objects. These studies relied on all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Baillargeon's studies on infant reasoning about nonvisible objects did not rely on perseveration, which refers to the repetition of a particular response. Instead, they focused on habituation, object permanence, and impossible events to understand infants' cognitive development.

Question 5

What statement best summarizes the current research on the understanding of objects and their properties in infancy?

Accepted Answer

Most researchers agree that there is no consensus on how much innate knowledge infants have about objects.

Question 6

The current thinking on inborn cognitive capabilities is:

Accepted Answer

Researchers have differing opinions on the extent and nature of inborn cognitive capabilities, with some evidence supporting innate knowledge and others emphasizing developmental processes.

Question 7

Using the violation-of-expectancies method, investigators have found that between 3 and 9 months of age, and sometimes earlier, infants appear to have at least an initial grasp of a wide variety of physical laws concerning the behavior of objects. For example, it has been demonstrated that infants in this age range show surprise when all of the following occur except:

Accepted Answer

Infants show surprise when physical laws are violated, such as gravity or solidity, but option D involves object permanence, not a violation of physical laws.

Question 8

Infants seem to have an easier time reasoning about cause and effect when the objects involved are:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Infants seem to have an easier time...

Question 9

Dynamic systems explanations of conceptual development emphasize the role of infants':

Accepted Answer

Dynamic systems explanations focus on how infants integrate and coordinate multiple sources of information to develop concepts, highlighting the complexity and adaptability of their cognitive processes.

Question 10

The continued use of a once-successful solution whenever possible can result in:

Accepted Answer

Capture errors occur when a well-practiced or habitual response overrides a less familiar one, often due to the continued use of a once-successful solution.

Question 11

The finding that infants are able to successfully find hidden objects when allowed to search for them immediately suggests that the A-not-B error:

Accepted Answer

The ability of infants to find hidden objects immediately suggests that the A-not-B error may be due to limitations in their memory, as they can locate the object when the delay is minimized.

Question 12

Eight-month-old Veronica hears the voices of three people. Which video will she prefer to look at?

Accepted Answer

Eight-month-old infants are often drawn to stimuli that match what they are hearing. Veronica is likely to prefer the video of three people speaking because it corresponds with the number of voices she hears, providing a multisensory match.

Question 13

Researchers investigating the role of experience in 7-month-old infants' representational abilities found that object permanence:

Accepted Answer

The study suggests that infants' representational abilities, such as object permanence, are enhanced when they are familiar with the objects, indicating that experience plays a role in strengthening these abilities.

Question 14

At present it appears clear that environmental stimulation can speed up certain aspects of children's development. But whether this has any lasting effect also depends on all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The answer of At present it appears clear that environmental...

Question 15

At what age will baby Jane expect liquid to be pourable when transferred from one glass to another?

Accepted Answer

By around 5 months, infants begin to develop the ability to understand object permanence and basic properties of liquids, such as pourability, as they gain more experience with their environment.

Question 16

Studies by Baillargeon and her colleagues using violation-of-expectation techniques have provided some evidence that infants' knowledge of objects:

Accepted Answer

Baillargeon's studies suggest that infants have some understanding of object permanence and other object properties earlier than Piaget's proposed 8 months, indicating that this knowledge develops earlier than previously thought.

Question 17

Varying the time before infants are allowed to search for an object in Piaget's A-not-B task had which of the following results?

Accepted Answer

Nine-month-old infants could withstand a delay of 5 seconds before beginning to make errors.

Question 18

The violations-of-expectations procedure relies on infants' tendencies to:

Accepted Answer

Infants tend to stare longer at events that are surprising or violate their expectations, which is the basis of the violations-of-expectations procedure.

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describes infants' behaviors toward novel objects?

Accepted Answer

Infants attend to novel objects only after they have sufficiently processed more familiar objects.

Question 20

Which of the following results is most consistent with Wynn's investigations of whether young babies can count?

Accepted Answer

Wynn's studies suggest that infants as young as 4 months old can detect numerical discrepancies in both addition and subtraction scenarios, indicating an early understanding of basic numerical concepts.

Quiz 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy