Question 1

Vurpillot's (1968) study showed young children were more likely than older children to make errors when asked to identify whether pictures of two houses were different or identical. These age differences were due to an increase in children's:

Accepted Answer

Vurpillot's study indicated that younger children made more errors because they were less systematic in their attention, meaning they did not consistently scan and compare the pictures as thoroughly as older children.

Question 2

Maynard and Greenfield found that in a Zinacantec Mayan community in Mexico that backstrap looms were used by girls typically starting at ages:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maynard and Greenfield found that in a...

Question 3

In studying a Zinacantec Mayan community in Mexico, Maynard and Greenfield (2003) found that the cultural practice of backstrap-loom weaving demonstrated:

Accepted Answer

The answer of In studying a Zinacantec Mayan community in...

Question 4

When Azariah, age 4, helps his mother set the table for dinner, he seems to get distracted along the way. His distractibility is primarily due to his underdeveloped ____________ abilities.

Accepted Answer

At age 4, children's attention spans are still developing, making them more prone to distraction.

Question 5

A study by Davis and colleagues (2011) found that exercise:

Accepted Answer

The study by Davis and colleagues (2011) found that exercise was related to better academic performance, indicating a positive impact on cognitive functions associated with learning and school performance.

Question 6

Young children's eye movements were found to be haphazard, whereas older children systematically scanned pictures when asked to identify whether pictures of two houses were different or identical. These behaviors are thought to reflect what processes?

Accepted Answer

Young children's haphazard eye movements and older children's systematic scanning reflect differences in attention processes, as attention involves focusing on specific stimuli and systematically processing information.

Question 7

When children create links between two or more things when they are trying to remember a list containing both the word "dog" and the word "flower," by imagining a dog with a wreath of daisies around its neck, they are using:

Accepted Answer

Elaboration is a memory strategy that involves creating a relationship or association between the items to be remembered, such as visualizing a dog with a wreath of daisies to link "dog" and "flower."

Question 8

Which of the following is true of metamemory?

Accepted Answer

5-year-olds have some understanding of their own memory processes, but their metamemory is not as developed as that of 8-year-olds, who have a better grasp of their memory abilities.

Question 9

Psychologists have found that teaching 5-year-olds to rehearse material they are given to remember:

Accepted Answer

Teaching 5-year-olds to rehearse material can significantly improve their memory performance, bringing it closer to the level of older children who naturally use rehearsal strategies.

Question 10

A 6-year-old child who says it is easier to remember the lesson her teacher taught her yesterday than the lesson taught several months ago is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

Metamemory is the ability to think about one's own memory. The child in the question is demonstrating metamemory by being able to reflect on her own memory and make judgments about it.

Question 11

Maynard and Greenfield compared boys and girls from a Zinacantec community and their peers from Los Angeles on their performance on two types of concrete operational tasks (a traditional Piagetian task and a task that was based on traditional weaving practices). The researchers found that:

Accepted Answer

The study found that cultural context influenced task performance, with Los Angeles children excelling in the Piagetian task and Zinacantec children excelling in the weaving task, reflecting their respective cultural experiences and practices.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the development of metamemory?

Accepted Answer

Even 5-year-olds have some metamemory ability, as they begin to develop an awareness of their own memory processes and can make simple judgments about their memory capabilities.

Question 13

Executive function has been found to be important to:

Accepted Answer

Executive function is important for academic success because it helps students to plan, organize, and complete tasks.

Question 14

Metamemory refers to:

Accepted Answer

Metamemory is the awareness and understanding of one's own memory processes, including the ability to assess and regulate one's memory performance.

Question 15

Since Lee started elementary school, he has moved from impulsively shouting out the answer when his teacher asks a question, to learning the rule about raising his hand and waiting patiently for his turn to answer. Lee is exhibiting better:

Accepted Answer

Lee is demonstrating improved executive function, which involves self-regulation and control over one's behavior, such as waiting for his turn to speak.

Question 16

When children try to remember a list of information by repeating it again and again, they are using:

Accepted Answer

Children are using a memory strategy known as rehearsal when they repeat information to remember it.

Question 17

Higher-level cognitive processes, such as aspects of cognition associated with supervising and controlling lower-level cognitive processes are called:

Accepted Answer

Executive function refers to higher-level cognitive processes that supervise and control lower-level cognitive processes.

Question 18

Jahoda (1980), a leading cross-cultural psychologist, challenged evidence that the development of conservation was NOT universal because:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jahoda (1980), a leading cross-cultural psychologist, challenged...

Question 19

You are a first-grade teacher and notice your students are having trouble remembering how to spell words for their spelling lists and seem to keep forgetting the key terms in your social studies unit on the community. What should you do?

Accepted Answer

Teaching memory strategies like rehearsal and organization can help improve memory performance in young children, aiding them in remembering spelling words and key terms.

Question 20

When 5-year-olds and 8-year-olds are shown a set of pictures and asked if they will be able to remember them:

Accepted Answer

The answer of When 5-year-olds and 8-year-olds are shown a...

Quiz 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood