Question 1

How did U.S. workers respond to the government's efforts to return the United States to a peacetime economy in 1919? What was the outcome of their actions?

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Question 2

What chain of events finally moved President Wilson to ask Congress for a declaration of war against Germany?

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Question 3

When Warren G. Harding declared a need for "normalcy" in America, he called for which of the following?

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Harding was advocating for a return to a normal and stable way of life after the devastation of World War I and the social unrest of the Progressive Era. He believed that excesses and disruptions were harming American society, and hoped to restore a sense of order and predictability.

Question 4

What development resulted from the U.S. labor situation in 1919?

Accepted Answer

In 1919, the U.S. experienced a wave of labor unrest, with over four million workers participating in more than 3,600 strikes, largely due to post-war economic adjustments and demands for better working conditions.

Question 5

Discuss the numerous federal agencies created to meet the specific needs of mobilization after the United States declared war against Germany. Include each agency's name, purpose, and leadership.

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Question 6

The Committee on Public Information was charged with promoting patriotism in the United States during World War I. What kinds of activities did it use to fend off criticism of the war?

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Question 7

Why did the United States fail to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations?

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Question 8

How did the values and priorities of progressivism shape the experiences of the new recruits drafted as a result of the Selective Services Act of 1917?

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Question 9

What did Mexican migrants to the American Southwest, immigrants from Europe, and black migrants from the South have in common?

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Mexican migrants, European immigrants, and black migrants all sought out opportunities for a better life when relocating. However, they all faced a mix of both opportunity and disappointment in their new homes, ultimately experiencing both positive and negative outcomes during their journey.

Question 10

How did African Americans seek to escape the South's cotton fields and kitchens between 1915 and 1920?

Accepted Answer

African Americans sought to escape the South's cotton fields and kitchens between 1915 and 1920 by leaving the South for northern industrial cities such as Detroit and Cleveland, where they could find better job opportunities and escape racial discrimination. This was part of the larger Great Migration of African Americans from the South to the North during this time period.

Question 11

What events triggered World War I? In Europe, who declared war against whom?

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Question 12

How did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in the case of Schenck v. United States (1919)?

Accepted Answer

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the case of Schenck v. United States (1919) that Charles Schenck's actions posed a clear and present danger to the nation in a time of war, and thus upheld his conviction. The court established the "clear and present danger" test, which allowed restrictions on speech that presented such a danger to the country. The case set a precedent for future interpretations of the First Amendment's protection of free speech.

Question 13

When the Great War broke out in Europe in 1914, why didn't President Wilson immediately come to the aid of the Allies?

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Question 14

What was the American Red scare of 1919 and 1920?

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The American Red scare of 1919 and 1920 was a fear of internal subversion and Communist revolution that resulted in suppression of dissent. It was fueled by anxieties over World War I, the Russian Revolution, and labor unrest, leading to widespread paranoia and government actions such as the Palmer Raids, which targeted suspected radicals and immigrants.

Question 15

Discuss the debate in the U.S. Senate over the ratification of the Versailles treaty. What arguments were put forth by the treaty's critics? What was the final outcome?

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Question 16

What was one result of the racial and demographic shifts that took place during World War I?

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The racial and demographic shifts that occurred during World War I led to race riots in two dozen northern cities, particularly in the summer of 1919, as tensions between white and black Americans increased due to competition for jobs and housing.

Question 17

Why did President Wilson intervene in Mexican affairs beginning in 1914? What was the outcome of his intervention?

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Question 18

What was the outcome of the return to free enterprise in the United States after World War I?

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The return to free enterprise in the United States after World War I led to a rise in unemployment and new conflicts between business and labor. This was due to the fact that businesses were no longer constrained by wartime regulations, resulting in a flood of goods in the market, which caused prices to drop, revenue to decline, and businesses to lay off workers. With fewer jobs available, workers had to accept lower wages and fewer benefits, leading to increased tensions between labor and management.

Question 19

Compare the great migrations of African Americans and Mexicans during World War I. What did they hold in common? How did they differ?

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Question 20

Why did Senator Henry Cabot Lodge oppose the Treaty of Versailles?

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Senator Henry Cabot Lodge opposed the Treaty of Versailles because he feared the League of Nations would interfere with American autonomy in foreign policy matters. He believed that the League would involve the U.S. in future European conflicts, and that America's independence in foreign policy would be compromised.

Quiz 22: World War I: the Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad, 1914-1920