Question 1

If mom is HLA A2A9/B5B12/CW3CW5 and baby is A2A11/B5B18/Cw5Cw8, can a man who is A9A11/B8B18/CW5CW8 be the dad? Can a child who is A2A9/B5B18/Cw5Cw8 be the sibling without recombinational events?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

It has been theorized that some viruses have antigens on their surfaces similar to human antigens, which can lead to the reaction of the immune system with self-antigens that are slightly different from the virus as the result of

Accepted Answer

Cross-reactivity occurs when the immune system reacts to antigens that are similar to self-antigens, potentially leading to an autoimmune response.

Question 3

If the antigen is mixed with oil and water to make an emulsion prior to immunization,

Accepted Answer

The oil and water emulsion acts as an adjuvant, which helps to enhance the immune response by allowing the slow release of the antigen, thereby prolonging its presence in the body and enhancing the immune system's ability to respond.

Question 4

An antigen on an extracellular bacterium

Accepted Answer

An antigen on an extracellular bacterium is taken up by an antigen-presenting cell (APC) and processed into peptides. The peptides are then bound to class II MHC molecules and presented on the cell surface.

Question 5

Which of the following are either a and b or g and d, have a variable region that was formed through recombinational events, and are associated with the CD3 molecule ?

Accepted Answer

T-cell receptors (TCRs) have variable regions formed through recombinational events and are associated with the CD3 molecule, which is crucial for T-cell activation.

Question 6

An alloantigen is

Accepted Answer

An alloantigen is an antigen that is present in some but not all individuals of the same species, often leading to an immune response when tissues or cells are transferred between individuals.

Question 7

Which of the following is true for cross-reactions? They

Accepted Answer

Cross-reactions can be involved in autoimmune diseases, are related to blood group antibodies, necessitate specific assays for accurate testing like in pregnancy tests, and are utilized in vaccine development.

Question 8

Because I want to create a helper T cell response that will help create a cytotoxic response, I am going first to load the MHC molecule myself artificially. To fit the MHC molecule that I want and create the first response that I want, what peptide size should I use and what cytokine(s) do I hope will be secreted?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells recognize peptides presented by MHC class II molecules, which typically bind peptides of 13-18 amino acids. IL-12 is a cytokine that promotes a TH1 response, which is associated with activating cytotoxic T cells.

Question 9

An alloantigen is

Accepted Answer

An alloantigen is an antigen that is present in some but not all individuals of the same species, often leading to an immune response when tissues or cells are transferred between individuals of that species.

Question 10

Which of the following is the most immunogenic?

Accepted Answer

Proteins, such as the tetanus toxoid, are generally the most immunogenic because they are complex and can be easily recognized by the immune system, leading to a strong immune response.

Question 11

The T cell receptor

Accepted Answer

The T cell receptor (TCR) is associated with the CD3 complex on the cell surface (A) and it only binds antigens that are presented by the correct MHC class I or II molecules (C). It does not bind soluble antigens directly.

Question 12

Which of the following is the most immunogenic?

Accepted Answer

Protein toxoids, like the tetanus toxoid, are highly immunogenic because they are proteins that can be easily recognized by the immune system, leading to a strong immune response.

Question 13

A heteroantigen is

Accepted Answer

A heteroantigen is an antigen that originates from a different species.

Question 14

An adjuvant is

Accepted Answer

An adjuvant is a substance that enhances the body's immune response to an antigen, often by increasing the recruitment of immune cells and promoting a slow release of the antigen.

Question 15

Regarding a molecule that is involved in presenting antigens from cells that are infected, what is the molecule, what size antigen is placed in these molecules, and to what cells does it present the antigen?

Accepted Answer

Class I molecules present antigens that are 8-10 amino acids long to CD8+ T cells, typically from infected or cancerous cells.

Question 16

An adjuvant

Accepted Answer

An adjuvant allows slow release of the antigen to increase immunogenicity.

Question 17

If mom is HLA A1A9/B5B12/CW3CW5 and baby is A9A11/B5B18/Cw5Cw8, can a man who is A9A1/B8B18/CW5CW8 be the dad? Can a child who is A9A11/B12B18/Cw5Cw8 be the sibling without a recombinational event?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If mom is HLA A1A9/B5B12/CW3CW5 and baby...

Question 18

Class I molecules are found on

Accepted Answer

Class I molecules are found on every nucleated cell in the body, which includes all cells except red blood cells.

Question 19

An antigen on an intracellular bacteria

Accepted Answer

The answer of An antigen on an intracellular bacteria
...

Question 20

All cells in the body can get infected, and when infected, a cell presents the antigen of the infection. In which molecule does it present the antigen, and which type of cell responds?

Accepted Answer

Infected cells present antigens using class I molecules, which are recognized by CD8+ T cells, also known as cytotoxic T cells.

Quiz 3: Antigens-Epitopes and Immunogenicity

If mom is HLA A2A9/B5B12/CW3CW5 and baby is A2A11/B5B18/Cw5Cw8, can a man who is A9A11/B8B18/CW5CW8 be the dad? Can a child who is A2A9/B5B18/Cw5Cw8 be the sibling without recombinational events?

It has been theorized that some viruses have antigens on their surfaces similar to human antigens, which can lead to the reaction of the immune system with self-antigens that are slightly different from the virus as the result of

If the antigen is mixed with oil and water to make an emulsion prior to immunization,

An antigen on an extracellular bacterium

Which of the following are either a and b or g and d, have a variable region that was formed through recombinational events, and are associated with the CD3 molecule ?

An alloantigen is

Which of the following is true for cross-reactions? They

An alloantigen is

Which of the following is the most immunogenic?

The T cell receptor

Which of the following is the most immunogenic?

A heteroantigen is

An adjuvant is

Regarding a molecule that is involved in presenting antigens from cells that are infected, what is the molecule, what size antigen is placed in these molecules, and to what cells does it present the antigen?

An adjuvant

If mom is HLA A1A9/B5B12/CW3CW5 and baby is A9A11/B5B18/Cw5Cw8, can a man who is A9A1/B8B18/CW5CW8 be the dad? Can a child who is A9A11/B12B18/Cw5Cw8 be the sibling without a recombinational event?

Class I molecules are found on

An antigen on an intracellular bacteria

All cells in the body can get infected, and when infected, a cell presents the antigen of the infection. In which molecule does it present the antigen, and which type of cell responds?