Question 1

A people's collection of gods and goddesses is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A pantheon refers to a collection or group of gods and goddesses in a particular mythology or belief system. It is often associated with the gods and goddesses of ancient civilizations such as the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a major form of establishing spiritual lineage?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

All of the following constitute a definition of religion except:

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

From his work with Conibo shamans,Michael Harner argues that:

Accepted Answer

Michael Harner argues that anthropologists have seriously underestimated the significance of the shamanistic experience on Amazonian Indian ideologies and practices, based on his work with Conibo shamans.

Question 5

Ju/'hoansi healers possess the powerful healing force called n/um,which generally remains dormant in a healer until an effort is made to activate.Among the ways to activate n/um are all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

The use of hallucinogens is not a way to activate n/um according to the information provided. Solo singing, trance dance, instrument playing, and medicinal curing ceremony are all stated as potential ways to activate n/um for Ju/'hoansi healers.

Question 6

Belief in is found in societies in which women make a major contribution to the economy and are relatively equal to men in power and authority.

Accepted Answer

Belief in goddesses is often found in societies where women enjoy relatively equal power and authority to men, as well as make a significant contribution to the economy. This is because goddesses are often associated with fertility, abundance, and protection, which are important aspects of a society's well-being. In contrast, beliefs in mana, gods, fetishes, or ancestral spirits do not necessarily have a gendered component or correlation with women's economic or social status.

Question 7

The widespread occurrence of shamanism and the remarkable similarities between shamanistic traditions wherever found are consequences of:

Accepted Answer

The remarkable similarities between shamanistic traditions wherever found suggest the existence of a universal neurological inheritance, as opposed to cultural or ecclesiastical explanations. While diffusion and the use of hallucinatory drugs may play a role in the spread and practice of shamanism, they do not fully account for the striking similarities seen across different cultures and regions.

Question 8

The Shamanic Complex is:

Accepted Answer

The Shamanic Complex refers to the interrelationship among the shaman, patient, and community. It is a social and cultural phenomenon that involves many people and can have an impact on the entire community. The shaman does not work alone, but rather is a part of a larger network of people involved in healing.

Question 9

Chan monastics discussed in this chapter's Biocultural Connection are in the country of:

Accepted Answer

Chan Buddhism, which is closely related to Zen Buddhism in Japan, has a significant presence in Taiwan. The monastics discussed in the context of Chan Buddhism would therefore be associated with Taiwan.

Question 10

A culturally prescribed avoidance is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A culturally prescribed avoidance is known as a taboo. Taboos are actions or objects that are forbidden or sacred in a certain culture, and breaking them can result in punishment or negative consequences.

Question 11

Religion serves various functions in society,including each of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Religion often unites people within a specific belief system or community, but it does not necessarily unite people worldwide, as there are many different religions with varying beliefs and practices.

Question 12

The major difference between animism and animatism has to do with whether the supernatural force that occupies an entity is:

Accepted Answer

Animism involves the belief in personal spirits that possess individuals or objects, while animatism involves the belief in an impersonal and non-identifiable supernatural force that inhabits entities.

Question 13

A holistic spiritual worldview that is found in egalitarian societies and which permeates all daily activities is called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A holistic spiritual worldview that is found...

Question 14

A full-time religious specialist formally recognized for his or her role in guiding the religious practices of others is called a:

Accepted Answer

A priest or priestess is a full-time religious specialist who is formally recognized and often ordained to guide and perform religious rituals and practices within a religious institution.

Question 15

A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence is called a:

Accepted Answer

A myth is a sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence, often involving gods, ancestors, or heroes, and is used to convey cultural beliefs and values.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a change that affects women who become a Chan monastic?

Accepted Answer

Becoming a Chan monastic typically involves renouncing attachment to family and worldly possessions, which includes not prioritizing their devotion to their families above other responsibilities. Therefore, choice A is not a change that affects women who become Chan monastics.

Question 17

Anthropology examines spirituality and religion in terms of the society's:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anthropology examines spirituality and religion in terms...

Question 18

Which of the following is least likely to be extensively involved in formal religious beliefs and activities?

Accepted Answer

Wealthy members of urban-industrial societies with advanced scientific knowledge are least likely to be extensively involved in formal religious beliefs and activities, as they tend to place greater emphasis on rationality and empirical evidence rather than faith-based beliefs.

Question 19

If a society has a taboo against eating pork and a member eats it mistakenly,what types of rituals might the person undergo to fix the transgression?

Accepted Answer

Rites of purification are the most appropriate in this case. These rituals are designed to cleanse a transgression and restore purity to the individual who has committed it. In this case, eating pork would be considered a violation of the societal taboo, and a rite of purification would be necessary to restore the individual's standing in the community.

Question 20

If religious belief reflects the structure of society,in which types of society would you expect to find widespread belief in ancestral spirits?

Accepted Answer

Belief in ancestral spirits is commonly found in societies where descent groups play a major role in social organization. In such societies, ancestors are considered to be important members of the community even after death, and their spirits are believed to play a role in the daily lives of the living. This belief reflects the importance of kinship ties and a sense of continuity between past and present generations.

Quiz 13: Spirituality, religion, and Shamanism

A people's collection of gods and goddesses is called a(n) :