Question 1

Substantive law establishes the rules for enforcing rights that exist in a society.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

In nearly every jurisdiction in the United States, courts of common law and courts of equity have combined into a single court that administers both systems of law.

Accepted Answer

This is generally true. Most American jurisdictions have combined common law and equity courts into a single court system. However, there are still a few states that maintain separate courts for each system.

Question 3

The Uniform Commercial Code is a federal law that applies to commercial transactions among the states.

Accepted Answer

The Uniform Commercial Code is actually a set of state laws, except for certain provisions that have been adopted by all states. It does not apply to federal law or federal transactions.

Question 4

A reason for the application of sanctions is to assure that laws will be enforced.

Accepted Answer

Sanctions are a form of punishment imposed by governments or other organizations to enforce laws or regulations and to deter bad behavior. By imposing economic, political, or diplomatic sanctions, governments hope to encourage compliance with international laws and norms. Thus, the application of sanctions is often seen as a tool to enforce rules and prevent violations.

Question 5

Philosophers and jurists agree on a single definition of law: rules of civil conduct prescribed by the supreme power of a state, commanding what is right and prohibiting what is wrong.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Philosophers and jurists agree on a single...

Question 6

The law does not change; it is based on unchanging and universal truths.

Accepted Answer

Laws are created and modified by societies and governments, reflecting changes in social norms, technological advancements, and evolving ethical standards. They are not based on unchanging truths but adapt to the needs and values of the time.

Question 7

The common law system of law is used in most of Europe, Scotland, and Latin America.

Accepted Answer

The common law system is primarily used in England, Wales, Australia, and the United States, while most of Europe, Scotland, and Latin America use the civil law system.

Question 8

The principle of stare decisis precludes courts from changing any decisions they previously announced.

Accepted Answer

The principle of stare decisis requires courts to follow precedents set by higher courts, but they can change their own earlier decisions if there is a valid reason to do so.

Question 9

State statutes are subordinate to state constitutional mandates.

Accepted Answer

State constitutions are considered the highest law within a state, and statutes must be in compliance with the constitution. Therefore, state statutes are subordinate to state constitutional mandates.

Question 10

The doctrine of stare decisis has the disadvantage of not allowing sufficient flexibility for the common law to change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The doctrine of stare decisis has the...

Question 11

Laws that are enacted by legislatures are called statutes.

Accepted Answer

this is a true statement.

Question 12

Under the civil law system, adversaries initiate and conduct litigation.

Accepted Answer

In the civil law system, it is typically the judge who initiates the investigation, gathers evidence, and conducts the litigation, unlike in the adversarial system where the parties are responsible for presenting their cases.

Question 13

The law is the same as moral and ethical concepts.

Accepted Answer

The law is a set of rules and regulations established by the government to regulate behavior and maintain order in society, while moral and ethical concepts are a set of values and principles that are considered right or wrong by society. While there may be some overlap between the law and moral/ethical concepts, they are not the same thing.

Question 14

Law and justice represent separate and distinct concepts.

Accepted Answer

Law refers to the system of rules and regulations created and enforced by a government while justice is a moral or ethical principle of fairness and impartiality. While law can be used to promote justice, it is not always synonymous with justice and the two concepts can exist independently of each other.

Question 15

Laws passed by Congress are the supreme law of the land in the United States and take precedence over the United
States Constitution.

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the land and all laws must adhere to its principles.

Question 16

The final arbiter as to the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress or by the legislature of a state is the Supreme
Court of the United States.

Accepted Answer

This is provided in Article III, Section 2 of the United States Constitution.

Question 17

The federal Constitution provides that federal statutes and treaties are paramount to state constitutions.

Accepted Answer

This is known as the Supremacy Clause and is found in Article VI, Clause 2 of the US Constitution. It establishes that federal law is the supreme law of the land and takes precedence over any conflicting state law.

Question 18

Decisions in state trial courts generally are reported or published.

Accepted Answer

Decisions in state trial courts are generally not reported or published, unlike appellate court decisions which are often reported and serve as precedents. Trial court decisions are typically only recorded in court files.

Question 19

A private citizen may bring a criminal action against an individual for breaking a criminal law.

Accepted Answer

Criminal actions are typically initiated by the state or federal government, not private citizens, as it is the government's responsibility to enforce criminal laws.

Question 20

Usual remedies granted in a criminal case include compensation for the victim.

Accepted Answer

Criminal cases primarily focus on determining the guilt of the defendant and imposing penalties such as imprisonment or fines. Compensation for the victim is typically addressed in civil cases, not criminal proceedings.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Law